< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *framaz + *-janą, from Proto-Indo-European *pró-mo-s, from *pró (“toward, leading to”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸrɑm.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*framjaną
- to promote, to further
Inflection
Conjugation of *framjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *framjō | *framjaų | — | *framjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *framisi | *framjais | *frami | *framjasai | *framjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *framiþi | *framjai | *framjaþau | *framjaþai | *framjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *framjōs | *framjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *framjaþiz | *framjaiþiz | *framjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *framjamaz | *framjaim | — | *framjanþai | *framjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *framiþ | *framjaiþ | *framiþ | *framjanþai | *framjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *framjanþi | *framjain | *framjanþau | *framjanþai | *framjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *framidǭ | *framidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *framidēz | *framidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *framidē | *framidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *framidēdū | *framidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *framidēdudiz | *framidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *framidēdum | *framidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *framidēdud | *framidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *framidēdun | *framidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *framjandz | *framidaz | |||
Related terms
- *fram
- *framį̄
- *framô
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *frammjan
- Old English: fremman
- Middle English: fremmen
- English: frame
- → Dutch: frame
- → German: framen
- Scots: frame
- English: frame
- Middle English: fremmen
- Old Frisian: frema, fremma
- Old Saxon: fremmian
- Old Dutch: fremmen
- Middle Dutch: vrēmen
- Old High German: fremmen
- Old English: fremman
- Old Norse: fremja
- Icelandic: fremja
- Faroese: fremja
- Westrobothnian: främi
- Old Swedish: fræmia, fræmmia
- Swedish: främja
- Old Danish: fræmdær (past participle)
- Middle Danish: fræmmæ, fræmiæ
- Danish: fremme
- Middle Danish: fræmmæ, fræmiæ
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*framjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 111