Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/framaþiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *fram.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɸrɑ.mɑ.θiz/

Adjective

*framaþiz

foreign, alien, strange

Inflection

Declension of *framaþiz (i-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*framaþiz	*framaþjai	*framaþī	*framaþjôz	*framaþi	*framaþjō
accusative	*framaþjanǭ	*framaþjanz	*framaþjǭ	*framaþjōz	*framaþi	*framaþjō
genitive	framaþjas, framaþis	*framaþjaizǫ̂	*framaþjaizōz	*framaþjaizǫ̂	framaþjas, framaþis	*framaþjaizǫ̂
dative	*framaþjammai	*framaþjaimaz	*framaþjaizōi	*framaþjaimaz	*framaþjammai	*framaþjaimaz
instrumental	*framaþjanō	*framaþjaimiz	*framaþjaizō	*framaþjaimiz	*framaþjanō	*framaþjaimiz

weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*framaþjô	*framaþjaniz	*framaþjǭ	*framaþjōniz	*framaþjô	*framaþjōnō
accusative	*framaþjanų	*framaþjanunz	*framaþjōnų	*framaþjōnunz	*framaþjô	*framaþjōnō
genitive	*framaþiniz	*framaþjanǫ̂	*framaþjōniz	*framaþjōnǫ̂	*framaþiniz	*framaþjanǫ̂
dative	*framaþini	*framaþjammaz	*framaþjōni	*framaþjōmaz	*framaþini	*framaþjammaz
instrumental	*framaþinē	*framaþjammiz	*framaþjōnē	*framaþjōmiz	*framaþinē	*framaþjammiz

Descendants

Old English: fremeþe, fremede, fremde
- Middle English: fremde, fremede
  - Scots: fremmit, fremd, frempt, frem
  - English: fremd
Old Frisian: framede, framde, fromede, fromde
- Saterland Frisian: froamd
- West Frisian: frjemd, freamd
Old Saxon: fremithi
- Middle Low German: vremede, vremde, vrömede, vrömde
  - German Low German: frömd
  - Plautdietsch: framd
  - Old Norse: framandi
    - Icelandic: framandi
    - Faroese: fremmandur
    - Norn: fremd (< Old/Middle English?)
    - Norwegian: fremmed
    - Swedish: främmad (dated, poetic, dialectal), främmande
    - Danish: fremmed
    - Gutnish: främmande, främmandi
    - Middle English: fromond
Old Dutch: fremethi, fremiþi, fremit
- Middle Dutch: vremt, vreemt
  - Dutch: vreemd
    - Afrikaans: vreemd
Old High German: framadi, fremidi
- Middle High German: vremede, vremde
  - Central Franconian: fremb
  - German: fremd
    - Esperanto: fremda
  - Luxembourgish: friem
  - Yiddish: פֿרעמד‎ (fremd)
Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (framaþeis)