< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fragebaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *fra- + *gebaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌɸrɑ.ˈɣe.βɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*fragebaną
- to give, grant
- to forgive
Inflection
Conjugation of *fragebaną (strong class 5)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fragebō | *fragebaų | — | *fragebai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *fragibizi | *fragebaiz | *frageb | *fragebazai | *fragebaizau |
| 3rd singular | *fragibidi | *fragebai | *fragebadau | *fragebadai | *fragebaidau |
| 1st dual | *fragebōz | *fragebaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fragebadiz | *fragebaidiz | *fragebadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fragebamaz | *fragebaim | — | *fragebandai | *fragebaindau |
| 2nd plural | *fragibid | *fragebaid | *fragibid | *fragebandai | *fragebaindau |
| 3rd plural | *fragebandi | *fragebain | *fragebandau | *fragebandai | *fragebaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fragab | *fragēbį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fragaft | *fragēbīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fragab | *fragēbī | |||
| 1st dual | *fragēbū | *fragēbīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fragēbudiz | *fragēbīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fragēbum | *fragēbīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fragēbud | *fragēbīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fragēbun | *fragēbīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fragebandz | *fragebanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *fragiftiz
Descendants
- Old English: forġiefan
- Middle English: forȝiven, foryiven, foryeven
- ⇒ Middle English: forgiven (influenced by given)
- English: forgive
- Scots: forgie, firgee, forgae
- ⇒ Middle English: forgiven (influenced by given)
- Middle English: forȝiven, foryiven, foryeven
- Old Frisian: urieva
- Saterland Frisian: ferjeeuwe
- West Frisian: ferjaan
- Old Saxon: fargevan, fargeƀan
- Middle Low German: vorgeven
- German Low German: vergeven, vögiëwen
- Middle Low German: vorgeven
- Old Dutch: *fargevan
- Middle Dutch: vergēven
- Dutch: vergeven
- Limburgish: vergaeve
- Middle Dutch: vergēven
- Old High German: fargeban
- Middle High German: vergeben
- Cimbrian: borghiban
- German: vergeben
- Luxembourgish: verginn
- Yiddish: פֿאַרגעבן (fargebn)
- Middle High German: vergeben
- Old Norse: fyrirgefa
- Icelandic: fyrirgefa
- Faroese: fyrigeva
- Danish: forgive (obsolete)
- Old Swedish: forgiva
- Swedish: förgiva (obsolete)
- Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (fragiban)