< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fraetaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *fra- + *etaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˌɸrɑ.ˈe.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*fraetaną
- to devour, eat up, consume
Inflection
As *etaną.
Conjugation of *fraetaną (strong class 5)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fraetō | *fraetaų | — | *fraetai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *fraitizi | *fraetaiz | *fraet | *fraetazai | *fraetaizau |
| 3rd singular | *fraitidi | *fraetai | *fraetadau | *fraetadai | *fraetaidau |
| 1st dual | *fraetōz | *fraetaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fraetadiz | *fraetaidiz | *fraetadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fraetamaz | *fraetaim | — | *fraetandai | *fraetaindau |
| 2nd plural | *fraitid | *fraetaid | *fraitid | *fraetandai | *fraetaindau |
| 3rd plural | *fraetandi | *fraetain | *fraetandau | *fraetandai | *fraetaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fraēt | *fraētį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fraēst | *fraētīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fraēt | *fraētī | |||
| 1st dual | *fraētū | *fraētīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fraētudiz | *fraētīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fraētum | *fraētīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fraētud | *fraētīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fraētun | *fraētīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fraetandz | *fraetanaz | |||
The vowel of the prefix eventually contracted with the initial vowel of the stem, creating the later variant forms *fraitaną (the disyllabic ae collapsing into a diphthong) and *fretaną:
Conjugation of *fraitaną (strong class 5)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fraitō | *fraitaų | — | *fraitai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *fraitizi | *fraitaiz | *frait | *fraitazai | *fraitaizau |
| 3rd singular | *fraitidi | *fraitai | *fraitadau | *fraitadai | *fraitaidau |
| 1st dual | *fraitōz | *fraitaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fraitadiz | *fraitaidiz | *fraitadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fraitamaz | *fraitaim | — | *fraitandai | *fraitaindau |
| 2nd plural | *fraitid | *fraitaid | *fraitid | *fraitandai | *fraitaindau |
| 3rd plural | *fraitandi | *fraitain | *fraitandau | *fraitandai | *fraitaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *frēt | *frētį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *frēst | *frētīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *frēt | *frētī | |||
| 1st dual | *frētū | *frētīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *frētudiz | *frētīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *frētum | *frētīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *frētud | *frētīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *frētun | *frētīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fraitandz | *fraitanaz | |||
Conjugation of *fretaną (strong class 5)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fretō | *fretaų | — | *fretai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *fritizi | *fretaiz | *fret | *fretazai | *fretaizau |
| 3rd singular | *fritidi | *fretai | *fretadau | *fretadai | *fretaidau |
| 1st dual | *fretōz | *fretaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fretadiz | *fretaidiz | *fretadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fretamaz | *fretaim | — | *fretandai | *fretaindau |
| 2nd plural | *fritid | *fretaid | *fritid | *fretandai | *fretaindau |
| 3rd plural | *fretandi | *fretain | *fretandau | *fretandai | *fretaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *frēt | *frētį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *frēst | *frētīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *frēt | *frētī | |||
| 1st dual | *frētū | *frētīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *frētudiz | *frētīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *frētum | *frētīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *frētud | *frētīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *frētun | *frētīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fretandz | *fretanaz | |||
Descendants
- Old English: fretan
- Middle English: freten
- Scots: frete, freet
- English: fret
- Middle English: freten
- Old Frisian: freta
- Saterland Frisian: freete
- West Frisian: frette
- Old Saxon: fretan
- Middle Low German: vrēten
- German Low German: freten, friätten
- Middle Dutch: vrēten
- Dutch: vreten, fretten
- Afrikaans: vreet
- Limburgish: vraete, veraete
- Dutch: vreten, fretten
- Middle Low German: vrēten
- Old High German: frezzan, firezzan
- Middle High German: vrezzen
- Bavarian:
- Cimbrian: brèssan, vrèzzan
- German: fressen
- → English: fress (or from Yiddish)
- Luxembourgish: friessen
- Yiddish: פֿרעסן (fresn)
- → English: fress (or from German)
- Bavarian:
- Middle High German: vrezzen
- Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (fraitan)