< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/flugjaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *fleuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”).
Adjective
*flugjaz
- (of a bird) Having feathers, fledged.
Declension
Declension of *flugjaz (ja-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *flugjaz | *flugjai | *flugjō | *flugjôz | *flugją, *-at(ō) | *flugjō |
| accusative | *flugjanǭ | *flugjanz | *flugjǭ | *flugjōz | *flugją, *-at(ō) | *flugjō |
| genitive | *flugjas, *flugis | *flugjaizǫ̂ | *flugjaizōz | *flugjaizǫ̂ | *flugjas, *flugis | *flugjaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *flugjammai | *flugjaimaz | *flugjaizōi | *flugjaimaz | *flugjammai | *flugjaimaz |
| instrumental | *flugjanō | *flugjaimiz | *flugjaizō | *flugjaimiz | *flugjanō | *flugjaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *flugjô | *flugjaniz | *flugjǭ | *flugjōniz | *flugjô | *flugjōnō |
| accusative | *flugjanų | *flugjanunz | *flugjōnų | *flugjōnunz | *flugjô | *flugjōnō |
| genitive | *fluginiz | *flugjanǫ̂ | *flugjōniz | *flugjōnǫ̂ | *fluginiz | *flugjanǫ̂ |
| dative | *flugini | *flugjammaz | *flugjōni | *flugjōmaz | *flugini | *flugjammaz |
| instrumental | *fluginē | *flugjammiz | *flugjōnē | *flugjōmiz | *fluginē | *flugjammiz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *flugi
- Old English: *flyċġ, *flyċġe
- Middle English: flegge, flege, flygge
- English: fledge
- ⇒ English: fletch (modified after fletcher)
- >? Scots: fleg, flegg
- >? Yola: fletch
- English: fledge
- Middle English: flegge, flege, flygge
- Old Frisian: *flugge
- West Frisian: fluch
- Old Saxon: *fluggi
- Middle Low German: vlügge
- Low German: flügg
- → German: flügge
- Middle Low German: vlügge
- Old Dutch: *fluggi
- Middle Dutch: vlugge, vlugghe
- Dutch: vlug
- Afrikaans: vlug
- Javindo: flug
- Petjo: vlug-vlug
- Limburgish: vlug
- Dutch: vlug
- Middle Dutch: vlugge, vlugghe
- Old High German: flucki, flucchi
- Middle High German: vlücke, flücke
- Alemannic German: flück
- Central Franconian: flögg
- Moselle Franconian: flegg
- German: flück
- Luxembourgish: fléck
- Rhine Franconian: flick
- Palatine German: flick
- Pennsylvania German: flick
- Middle High German: vlücke, flücke
- Old English: *flyċġ, *flyċġe
- Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: *flyggr, fleygr (< *flaugijaz)
- Icelandic: fleygur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: fløy
- Swedish: flygg
- Danish: flyg
- Old Norse: *flyggr, fleygr (< *flaugijaz)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*fluʒjan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 108
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*flugi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 148