< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fleuganą
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *plewk-, enlargement of *plew- (“flow”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸleu̯.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*fleuganą[1][2]
- to fly
Inflection
Conjugation of *fleuganą (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fleugō | *fleugaų | — | *fleugai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *fliugizi | *fleugaiz | *fleug | *fleugazai | *fleugaizau |
| 3rd singular | *fliugidi | *fleugai | *fleugadau | *fleugadai | *fleugaidau |
| 1st dual | *fleugōz | *fleugaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fleugadiz | *fleugaidiz | *fleugadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fleugamaz | *fleugaim | — | *fleugandai | *fleugaindau |
| 2nd plural | *fliugid | *fleugaid | *fliugid | *fleugandai | *fleugaindau |
| 3rd plural | *fleugandi | *fleugain | *fleugandau | *fleugandai | *fleugaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *flaug | *flugį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *flauht | *flugīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *flaug | *flugī | |||
| 1st dual | *flugū | *flugīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *flugudiz | *flugīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *flugum | *flugīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *flugud | *flugīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *flugun | *flugīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fleugandz | *fluganaz | |||
Note: The past non-singular forms are identical with those of *fleuhaną.
Related terms
- *flakkōną/*flagōną
- *flaugijaną
- *flukkōną/*flugōną
Derived terms
- *fleugǭ
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fleugan
- Old English: flēogan
- Middle English: flien
- Scots: fle
- English: fly
- Yola: vlee
- Middle English: flien
- Old Frisian: fliāga
- West Frisian: fleane
- Saterland Frisian: fljoge
- Old Saxon: fliogan
- Middle Low German: vlêgen
- Low German: flegen
- Plautdietsch: fläje
- Middle Low German: vlêgen
- Old Dutch: fliegan
- Middle Dutch: vliegen
- Dutch: vliegen
- Limburgish: vlege
- Middle Dutch: vliegen
- Old High German: fliogan
- Middle High German: vliegen
- Central Franconian: fleeje
- German: fliegen
- Luxembourgish: fléien
- Yiddish: פֿליִען (flien)
- Middle High German: vliegen
- Old English: flēogan
- Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: fljúga
- Icelandic: fljúga
- Faroese: flúgva, fljúgva, fljúga
- Norn: floga
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: flyge, fly
- Norwegian Nynorsk: flyga, flyge
- Old Swedish: flȳgha, fliūgha
- Swedish: flyga
- Old Danish: flȳghæ
- Danish: flyve
- Westrobothnian: fłúg’, fłýg’
- Elfdalian: fliuoga
- Gutnish: flauge
- Scanian: flyğa
- Old Norse: fljúga
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fleugan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 146
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*fleuʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 106