< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fallijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *fallaną + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɸɑl.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*fallijaną[1][2]
- to cause to fall, to fell
Inflection
Conjugation of *fallijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *fallijō | *fallijaų | — | *fallijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *fallīsi | *fallijais | *fallī | *fallijasai | *fallijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *fallīþi | *fallijai | *fallijaþau | *fallijaþai | *fallijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *fallijōs | *fallijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *fallijaþiz | *fallijaiþiz | *fallijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *fallijamaz | *fallijaim | — | *fallijanþai | *fallijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *fallīþ | *fallijaiþ | *fallīþ | *fallijanþai | *fallijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *fallijanþi | *fallijain | *fallijanþau | *fallijanþai | *fallijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *fallidǭ | *fallidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *fallidēz | *fallidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *fallidē | *fallidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *fallidēdū | *fallidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *fallidēdudiz | *fallidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *fallidēdum | *fallidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *fallidēdud | *fallidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *fallidēdun | *fallidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *fallijandz | *fallidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *fallijan
- Old English: fellan, fiellan
- Middle English: fellen
- Scots: fell
- English: fell
- Middle English: fellen
- Old Frisian: fella, falla
- West Frisian: falle
- Old Saxon: fellian
- Middle Low German: vellen
- Low German: fällen
- Middle Low German: vellen
- Old Dutch: *fellen
- Middle Dutch: vellen
- Dutch: vellen
- Middle Dutch: vellen
- Old High German: fellen
- Middle High German: vellen
- German: fällen
- Middle High German: vellen
- Old English: fellan, fiellan
- Old Norse: fella
- Icelandic: fella
- Faroese: fella
- Norwegian: felle
- Old Swedish: fælla
- Swedish: fälla
- Danish: fælde
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*falljan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 126
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*falljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 91