< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/etaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁édti, from *h₁ed-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈe.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*etaną
- to eat
Inflection
The past singular is anomalous and has long ē rather than the expected short a (possibly continuing the Proto-Indo-European reduplicated stative *h₁eh₁óde).
Conjugation of *etaną (strong class 5)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *etō | *etaų | — | *etai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *itizi | *etaiz | *et | *etazai | *etaizau |
| 3rd singular | *itidi | *etai | *etadau | *etadai | *etaidau |
| 1st dual | *etōz | *etaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *etadiz | *etaidiz | *etadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *etamaz | *etaim | — | *etandai | *etaindau |
| 2nd plural | *itid | *etaid | *itid | *etandai | *etaindau |
| 3rd plural | *etandi | *etain | *etandau | *etandai | *etaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *ēt | *ētį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *ēst | *ētīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *ēt | *ētī | |||
| 1st dual | *ētū | *ētīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *ētudiz | *ētīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *ētum | *ētīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *ētud | *ētīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *ētun | *ētīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *etandz | *etanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *atjaną
- *atōną
- *ēsaz
- *ētą
- *ētiz
- *ētijô
- *etulaz
- *fraetaną
- *ubatją
Related terms
- *etunaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *etan
- Old English: etan, eotan, eata
- Middle English: eten, eete, eeten, ete, etin, ethe, ette; æten, etenn
- English: eat
- Scots: ait, aet, eat, eit, ete
- Yola: at, ayth, eight (preterite)
- Middle English: eten, eete, eeten, ete, etin, ethe, ette; æten, etenn
- Old Frisian: ita, eta
- North Frisian:
- Föhr-Amrum: iidj
- Mooring: ääse
- Saterland Frisian: iete, íete
- West Frisian: ite
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: etan
- Middle Low German: ēten
- Low German: eten
- Middle Low German: ēten
- Old Dutch: etan
- Middle Dutch: ēten
- Dutch: eten
- Afrikaans: eet
- Limburgish: aete
- Dutch: eten
- Middle Dutch: ēten
- Old High German: ezzan
- Middle High German: ëzzen, eszen
- Alemannic German: ässe
- Walser: essen, ässä, asse, assu
- Bavarian: eisn, essn, èssn
- Cimbrian: èzzan, èssan, ezzan
- Mòcheno: èssn
- Central Franconian: äße, esse
- Hunsrik: esse
- German: essen
- Luxembourgish: iessen
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: esse
- Vilamovian: aosa
- Yiddish: עסן (esn)
- Alemannic German: ässe
- Middle High German: ëzzen, eszen
- Old English: etan, eotan, eata
- Old Norse: eta
- Icelandic: eta, éta
- Faroese: eta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: eta; (dialectal) ita, åtå, øtå
- Elfdalian: jätå
- Westrobothnian: ita, eta; jäta, jetta
- Old Swedish: æta
- Swedish: äta
- Old Danish: ætæ
- Danish: æde
- Norwegian Bokmål: ete
- Scanian: æda
- Danish: æde
- Gutnish: äte, jite, jeta
- Gothic: 𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (itan)