< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/erpaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *erppaz, earlier *h₁erbʰnós, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erbʰ-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρφνός (orphnós, “dark brown”) (< o-grade *h₁orbʰnós).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈer.pɑz/
Adjective
*erpaz
- light brown, brown
Inflection
Declension of *erpaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *erpaz | *erpai | *erpō | *erpôz | *erpą, -atō | *erpō |
| Accusative | *erpanǭ | *erpanz | *erpǭ | *erpōz | *erpą, -atō | *erpō |
| Genitive | *erpas, -is | *erpaizǫ̂ | *erpaizōz | *erpaizǫ̂ | *erpas, -is | *erpaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *erpammai | *erpaimaz | *erpaizōi | *erpaimaz | *erpammai | *erpaimaz |
| Instrumental | *erpanō | *erpaimiz | *erpaizō | *erpaimiz | *erpanō | *erpaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *erpô | *erpaniz | *erpǭ | *erpōniz | *erpô | *erpōnō |
| Accusative | *erpanų | *erpanunz | *erpōnų | *erpōnunz | *erpô | *erpōnō |
| Genitive | *erpiniz | *erpanǫ̂ | *erpōniz | *erpōnǫ̂ | *erpiniz | *erpanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *erpini | *erpammaz | *erpōni | *erpōmaz | *erpini | *erpammaz |
| Instrumental | *erpinē | *erpammiz | *erpōnē | *erpōmiz | *erpinē | *erpammiz |
Derived terms
- *erpô
- *irpijǭ
Descendants
- Old English: eorp, earp
- Old Dutch: *erpa; no direct attestations, but found in the toponym: Erpapa
- Middle Dutch: only indirect descendants, e.g., erpel, the toponym Erpe (<Old Dutch Erpapa) and the patronym Erpe (<Old Dutch *Erpo)
- Dutch: only indirect descendants, e.g., erpel, raaphoen, Erps-Kwerps
- Middle Dutch: only indirect descendants, e.g., erpel, the toponym Erpe (<Old Dutch Erpapa) and the patronym Erpe (<Old Dutch *Erpo)
- Old High German: erpf
- Old Norse: jarpr, definite jarpi m (“the brown one; the hazel grouse”)
- Icelandic: jarpur
- Faroese: jarpur
- Swedish: järpe c (“hazel grouse”)
- Norwegian: jerpe m or f (“hazel grouse”)
- → Danish: hjerpe, jærpe c (“hazel grouse”)
- Westrobothnian: järp, jęrp f (“hazel grouse”)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “erpa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 118
See also
| *blaikaz, *blankaz, *hwītaz, *blasaz | *falwaz, *grēwaz, *haswaz, *grīsaz, *hairaz | *blakaz, *swartaz |
| *raudaz | *brūnaz, *erpaz, *dusnaz | *gelwaz, *gulaz |
| *grōniz | *grōniz | |
| *blēwaz | *blēwaz, *hēwijaz | |
| *blēwaz, *hēwijaz | *baswaz |