< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ek
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *eka, *ik
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ek/
Pronoun
*ek
- I
Inflection
Proto-Germanic personal pronouns
singular | first person | second person | reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *ek (unstr. *ik) | *þū | (*se-) |
accusative | *mek (unstr. *mik) | *þek (unstr. *þik) | *sek (unstr. *sik) |
dative/instr | *miz | *þiz | *siz |
possessive | *mīnaz | *þīnaz | *sīnaz |
dual | first person | second person | reflexive |
nominative | *wet (unstr. *wit) | *jut, *jit | (*se-) |
accusative | *unk | *inkw | *sek (unstr. *sik) |
dative/instr | *unkiz | *inkwiz | *siz |
possessive | *unkeraz | *inkweraz | *sīnaz |
plural | first person | second person | reflexive |
nominative | *wīz (unstr. *wiz) | *jūz, *jīz | (*se-) |
accusative | *uns | *izwiz | *sek (unstr. *sik) |
dative/instr | *unsiz | *izwiz | *siz |
possessive | *unseraz | *izweraz | *sīnaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *ik
- Old English: iċ, ih, iċċ
- Southern Middle English: ich
- English: ich (obsolete since 19th century)
- Yola: ich (revived)
- Northern Middle English: ik
- Scots: ik (rare)
- Later Middle English: I
- English: I
- Scots: A, I
- Southern Middle English: ich
- Old Frisian: ik
- North Frisian: ick, ik
- Saterland Frisian: iek
- West Frisian: ik
- Old Saxon: ik
- Middle Low German: ik, ek
- German Low German: ik
- Middle Low German: ik, ek
- Old Dutch: ik, ic
- Middle Dutch: ic, icke
- Dutch: ik
- Afrikaans: ek
- Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
- Jersey Dutch: äk
- Petjo: ik
- Skepi Creole Dutch: ek
- Dutch: ik
- Middle Dutch: ic, icke
- Old High German: ih
- Middle High German: ich
- Alemannic German: ich, ig, i
- Sensler: [iː][1]
- Swabian: i
- Sathmar Swabian: i
- Bavarian: i
- Cimbrian: ich (Setti Comuni); i (Luserna)
- Gottscheerish: iχ, ī, i (unstressed); iχχe (emphatic)
- Mòcheno: i
- Central Franconian: ich, eich, ech
- Hunsrückisch: äijsch
- Hunsrik: ich [ɪç][2]
- Britten: [æɪ̯ʃ], [ɪʃ][3]
- Kölsch: ich[4]
- Hunsrückisch: äijsch
- East Central German:
- Erzgebirgisch: iech
- Silesian German: iech
- Upper Saxon: isch, ische
- East Franconian: i, iech
- German: ich
- Luxembourgish: ech
- Rhine Franconian:
- Hessian: aisch
- Pennsylvania German: ich [ɪç][5]
- Vilamovian: ych
- Yiddish: איך (ikh), ich (ich)
- Alemannic German: ich, ig, i
- → Limburgish: ich, iech, ik; iich; ech
- Middle High German: ich
- Old English: iċ, ih, iċċ
- Proto-Norse: ᛖᚲ (ek), ᛖᚴ (ek), ᛖᚴᛡ (ekᴀ), -ᛖᚳᚨ (-eka), -ᚴᛡ (-kᴀ)
- Old Norse: ek, iak; ec; -k
- Icelandic: ek, eg, ég
- Faroese: eg, jeg
- Norn: eg
- Norwegian: ej, é, eig, í, æg, æj, æ, je, jæj (dialectal)
- Norwegian Nynorsk: eg
- Jamtish: jeg
- Dalian: ik, ig
- Elfdalian: ig
- Westrobothnian: jäg, jeg, jig, jög
- Old Swedish: iak, iæk, iagh
- Swedish: jag
- Old Danish: iak, iæk, iægh, æk, ak
- Danish: jeg, a, æ, ja, jæ
- Norwegian Bokmål: jeg
- Scanian: jağ
- Danish: jeg, a, æ, ja, jæ
- Jutish: æ
- Old Gutnish: iek
- Old Norse: ek, iak; ec; -k
- Gothic: 𐌹𐌺 (ik)
- Crimean Gothic: ich
References
- Schmutz, Christian; Haas, Walter. (2004). Senslerdeutsches Wörterbuch. 2nd edition, Freiburg: Paulusverlag.
- Altenhofen, Cléo Vilson. (1996). Hunsrückisch in Rio Grande do Sul: Ein Beitrag zur Beschreibung einer deutschbrasilianischen Dialektvarietät im Kontakt mit dem Portugiesischen. (Mainzer Studien zur Sprach- und Volksforschung 21.) Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
- "ich". In: Besse, Maria. (2004). Britter Wörterbuch. Losheim am See: Verein für Heimatkunde in der Gemeinde Losheim am See.
- Online-Wörterbuch der Akademie för uns kölsche Sproch, Stichwort »ich« (URL).
- Kelz, Heinrich P. (1971). Phonologische Analyse des Pennsylvaniadeutschen. Hamburg: Buske.