< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ebnaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *emnaz
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ém-no- (“equal, straight; flat, level, even”). Cognate with Sanskrit अम्नस् (amnás, “just now”, adv.), with differing accent.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈeβ.nɑz/
Adjective
*ebnaz
- even, level
Inflection
Declension of *ebnaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *ebnaz | *ebnai | *ebnō | *ebnôz | *ebną, -atō | *ebnō |
| Accusative | *ebnanǭ | *ebnanz | *ebnǭ | *ebnōz | *ebną, -atō | *ebnō |
| Genitive | *ebnas, -is | *ebnaizǫ̂ | *ebnaizōz | *ebnaizǫ̂ | *ebnas, -is | *ebnaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *ebnammai | *ebnaimaz | *ebnaizōi | *ebnaimaz | *ebnammai | *ebnaimaz |
| Instrumental | *ebnanō | *ebnaimiz | *ebnaizō | *ebnaimiz | *ebnanō | *ebnaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *ebnô | *ebnaniz | *ebnǭ | *ebnōniz | *ebnô | *ebnōnō |
| Accusative | *ebnanų | *ebnanunz | *ebnōnų | *ebnōnunz | *ebnô | *ebnōnō |
| Genitive | *ebniniz | *ebnanǫ̂ | *ebnōniz | *ebnōnǫ̂ | *ebniniz | *ebnanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *ebnini | *ebnammaz | *ebnōni | *ebnōmaz | *ebnini | *ebnammaz |
| Instrumental | *ebninē | *ebnammiz | *ebnōnē | *ebnōmiz | *ebninē | *ebnammiz |
Derived terms
- *ebnalīkaz
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *ebn
- Old English: efn, efen, emn
- Middle English: even
- English: even
- Scots: evin
- Middle English: even
- Old Frisian: even, ivin
- Saterland Frisian: íeuwen
- West Frisian: effen, even
- Old Saxon: evan
- Middle Low German: even
- Low German: effen, even
- → Danish: effen
- → Swedish: även
- Middle Low German: even
- Old Dutch: *evan
- Middle Dutch: ēven
- Dutch: even
- Limburgish: aeve
- Middle Dutch: effen
- Dutch: effen
- Middle Dutch: ēven
- Old High German: eban
- Middle High German: eben
- Alemannic German: ëben
- Cimbrian: ébane
- German: eben
- Middle High German: eben
- Old English: efn, efen, emn
- Old Norse: jafn, jamn
- Icelandic: jafn
- Faroese: javnur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: jamn
- → Norwegian Bokmål: jamn
- Old Swedish: iæmpn, iamn, iæmn, iampn
- Swedish: jämn
- Old Danish: iæmfn, iafn, iæfn, ifn, iofn, iauæn, iæuæn, iæmn
- Danish: jævn
- Norwegian Bokmål: jevn
- Danish: jævn
- Westrobothnian: jamn
- Elfdalian: iemmen
- Jamtish: jamn
- Gutnish: jamnar, jämbar
- Scanian: jǫvner
- Gothic: 𐌹𐌱𐌽𐍃 (ibns)