< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dūkaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
No clear etymology. Possibly related to *duganą (“to be fit”), if the Pre-Germanic form was *dʰugʰnéh₂-, supposing that the original meaning was "to fall" and evolved to mean "to happen, be fit" (compare German Zufall (“to happen, chance”)).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈduː.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*dūkaną[1]
- to duck, to dive under
Inflection
Conjugation of *dūkaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *dūkō | *dūkaų | — | *dūkai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *dūkizi | *dūkaiz | *dūk | *dūkazai | *dūkaizau |
| 3rd singular | *dūkidi | *dūkai | *dūkadau | *dūkadai | *dūkaidau |
| 1st dual | *dūkōz | *dūkaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *dūkadiz | *dūkaidiz | *dūkadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *dūkamaz | *dūkaim | — | *dūkandai | *dūkaindau |
| 2nd plural | *dūkid | *dūkaid | *dūkid | *dūkandai | *dūkaindau |
| 3rd plural | *dūkandi | *dūkain | *dūkandau | *dūkandai | *dūkaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *dauk | *dukį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *dauht | *dukīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *dauk | *dukī | |||
| 1st dual | *dukū | *dukīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *dukudiz | *dukīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *dukum | *dukīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *dukud | *dukīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *dukun | *dukīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *dūkandz | *dukanaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *dūkan
- Old English: *dūcan
- Middle English: duken, douken
- Scots: douk, dook
- English: duck
- Middle English: duken, douken
- Old Frisian: *dūka
- Saterland Frisian: duukje
- West Frisian: dûke
- Old Saxon: *dūkan
- Middle Low German: dūken
- Low German: duken
- → Swedish: dyka, duka
- → Westrobothnian: dūk, däik
- Middle Low German: dūken
- Old Dutch: *dūcan
- Middle Dutch: duken
- Dutch: duiken
- Limburgish: duke
- Middle Dutch: duken
- Old High German: tūhhan, tūchan
- Middle High German: tūchen
- German: tauchen
- Luxembourgish: dauchen
- Middle High German: tūchen
- Old English: *dūcan
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dūkan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 107