Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dwalaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwel-, *dʰewel- (“to dim, dull, cloud, make obscure, swirl, whirl”). Cognate with Latvian dulls (“crazy, mad”), Lithuanian dvylas (“dark, reddish brown”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdwɑ.lɑz/

Adjective

*dwalaz

confused, stunned
foolish, misled, mad

Inflection

Declension of *dwalaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*dwalaz	*dwalai	*dwalō	*dwalôz	*dwalą, -atō	*dwalō
Accusative	*dwalanǭ	*dwalanz	*dwalǭ	*dwalōz	*dwalą, -atō	*dwalō
Genitive	*dwalas, -is	*dwalaizǫ̂	*dwalaizōz	*dwalaizǫ̂	*dwalas, -is	*dwalaizǫ̂
Dative	*dwalammai	*dwalaimaz	*dwalaizōi	*dwalaimaz	*dwalammai	*dwalaimaz
Instrumental	*dwalanō	*dwalaimiz	*dwalaizō	*dwalaimiz	*dwalanō	*dwalaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*dwalô	*dwalaniz	*dwalǭ	*dwalōniz	*dwalô	*dwalōnō
Accusative	*dwalanų	*dwalanunz	*dwalōnų	*dwalōnunz	*dwalô	*dwalōnō
Genitive	*dwaliniz	*dwalanǫ̂	*dwalōniz	*dwalōnǫ̂	*dwaliniz	*dwalanǫ̂
Dative	*dwalini	*dwalammaz	*dwalōni	*dwalōmaz	*dwalini	*dwalammaz
Instrumental	*dwalinē	*dwalammiz	*dwalōnē	*dwalōmiz	*dwalinē	*dwalammiz

Derived terms

*dwaljaną

Related terms

*dulaz
*dwelaną
*dwalōną

Descendants

Probably because of the phonetic influence of the preceding -w- and the similarity in meaning, descendants from this term are not always distinguishable from those of *dulaz. The following lists descendants that have retained the -w-.

Old English: *dwal, *dwol; (dwala, dwela (noun))
- Middle English: dwal
Old Saxon: *dwal
- Middle Low German: dwal, dwel
  - Danish: dval
Gothic: 𐌳𐍅𐌰𐌻𐍃 (dwals)