Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dunstą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*dunstiz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate with Latin fūmus (“smoke, steam”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdun.stɑ̃/

Noun

*dunstą n

mist, haze
evaporation
dust

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *dunstą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dunstą	*dunstō
vocative	*dunstą	*dunstō
accusative	*dunstą	*dunstō
genitive	dunstas, dunstis	*dunstǫ̂
dative	*dunstai	*dunstamaz
instrumental	*dunstō	*dunstamiz

Related terms

*dauniz
*dūnaz
*dustą

Descendants

Old English: dūst
- Middle English: dust, doust
  - English: dust
  - Scots: dust, dist
Old Frisian: dūst
- Saterland Frisian: Duist
Old Saxon: *dunst, *dūst
- Middle Low German: donst, dûst
  - Low German:
    - German Low German: Dunst, Duust
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Dunst
      Suerländer-Märkisch: Dûst
      Westmünsterländisch: Donst, Doonst, Doost, Dunst
  - Plautdietsch: Donst
Old Dutch: *dunst, *dūst
- Middle Dutch: dunst, donst, doest, (possibly borrowed) duust
  - Dutch: dons, duist
Old High German: tunist, dunist, dunst
- Middle High German: tunst, dunst
  - German: Dunst
  - Hunsrik: Dunst
  - Luxembourgish: Donst
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Frankfurterisch: IPA [d̥und̥st]