Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dugunþō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *dʰugʰń̥t-eh₂, a substantivization of weak class 3 present participle *dug(j)andz.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdu.ɣun.θɔː/

Noun

*dugunþō f

ability, usefulness, strength
virtue, strength of character

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *dugunþō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*dugunþō	*dugunþôz
vocative	*dugunþō	*dugunþôz
accusative	*dugunþǭ	*dugunþōz
genitive	*dugunþōz	*dugunþǫ̂
dative	*dugunþōi	*dugunþōmaz
instrumental	*dugunþō	*dugunþōmiz

Synonyms

*dugiþō

Descendants

Old English: duguþ
- Middle English: duȝeþe, douthe
  - Scots: duthe, douth
  - English: douth, dought
Old Frisian: dugethe, dugede
- North Frisian: döged, dögd
- Saterland Frisian: Duugd
- West Frisian: deugd
Old Saxon: *dugund, *dugunt, *duguth
- Middle Low German: dogent, doget
  - German Low German: Döögde, Döögte, Döögd, Döögt
Old Dutch: *dugath, *dugeth
- Middle Dutch: doget, doghet, duget, dueget
  - Dutch: deugd
Old High German: tungundi, tugund, tugind; *dugud (Central German)
- Middle High German: tugende, tugent; duget, duged (Central German)
  - German: Tugend
    - → Luxembourgish: Dugend
Old Norse: dygð
- Icelandic: dygð, dyggð
- Faroese: dygd
- Norwegian: dyd
- Swedish: dygd
- Danish: dyd
- Gutnish: dygd

References

Jay Jasanoff, Stative and Middle in Indo-European (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 23). Innsbruck, 1978, page 88

[1] Jay Jasanoff, Stative and Middle in Indo-European (= Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft 23). Innsbruck, 1978, page 88