< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drūgiz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰereuǵʰ-, *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdruː.ɣiz/
Adjective
*drūgiz
- hard, solid
- dry
Inflection
Declension of *drūgiz (i-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *drūgiz | *drūgijai | *drūgī | *drūgijôz | *drūgį, *-jatō | *drūgijō |
| accusative | *drūgijanǭ | *drūgijanz | *drūgijǭ | *drūgijōz | *drūgį, *-jatō | *drūgijō |
| genitive | *drūgijas, *drūgīs | *drūgijaizǫ̂ | *drūgijaizōz | *drūgijaizǫ̂ | *drūgijas, *drūgīs | *drūgijaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *drūgijammai | *drūgijaimaz | *drūgijaizōi | *drūgijaimaz | *drūgijammai | *drūgijaimaz |
| instrumental | *drūgijanō | *drūgijaimiz | *drūgijaizō | *drūgijaimiz | *drūgijanō | *drūgijaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *drūgijô | *drūgijaniz | *drūgijǭ | *drūgijōniz | *drūgijô | *drūgijōnō |
| accusative | *drūgijanų | *drūgijanunz | *drūgijōnų | *drūgijōnunz | *drūgijô | *drūgijōnō |
| genitive | *drūgīniz | *drūgijanǫ̂ | *drūgijōniz | *drūgijōnǫ̂ | *drūgīniz | *drūgijanǫ̂ |
| dative | *drūgīni | *drūgijammaz | *drūgijōni | *drūgijōmaz | *drūgīni | *drūgijammaz |
| instrumental | *drūgīnē | *drūgijammiz | *drūgijōnē | *drūgijōmiz | *drūgīnē | *drūgijammiz |
Derived terms
- *drūgijaną
Related terms
- *draugiz
- *druhnaz, *druknaz
Descendants
- Old English: drȳġe, drīġe (possibly also from *drīeġe < *draugiz); drūgian; drūgaþ
- Middle English: drye, drüȝe, dryge, drie
- Scots: dry, drey
- English: dry
- Middle English: drye, drüȝe, dryge, drie
- Old Frisian: *drūge, *drēge, *drūch; *drūgia
- North Frisian: drüg, driig
- Saterland Frisian: druuch; druugje
- Old Saxon: *drūgi
- Middle Low German: drūge, drüge
- Old Dutch: *drūgi
- Middle Dutch: drughe, drueghe
- Limburgish: druug
- Middle Dutch: drughe, drueghe
- Old High German: *drūgi (northern; attested as drūgon, dat. pl.)
- Middle High German: drǖge
- Central Franconian: drüch, drei
- Middle High German: drǖge