Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/druknaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*druhnaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdruk.nɑz/

Adjective

*druknaz

dry

Inflection

Declension of *druknaz (a-stem)

Strong declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*druknaz	*druknai	*druknō	*druknôz	*drukną, -atō	*druknō
Accusative	*druknanǭ	*druknanz	*druknǭ	*druknōz	*drukną, -atō	*druknō
Genitive	*druknas, -is	*druknaizǫ̂	*druknaizōz	*druknaizǫ̂	*druknas, -is	*druknaizǫ̂
Dative	*druknammai	*druknaimaz	*druknaizōi	*druknaimaz	*druknammai	*druknaimaz
Instrumental	*druknanō	*druknaimiz	*druknaizō	*druknaimiz	*druknanō	*druknaimiz

Weak declension
Case	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*druknô	*druknaniz	*druknǭ	*druknōniz	*druknô	*druknōnō
Accusative	*druknanų	*druknanunz	*druknōnų	*druknōnunz	*druknô	*druknōnō
Genitive	*drukniniz	*druknanǫ̂	*druknōniz	*druknōnǫ̂	*drukniniz	*druknanǫ̂
Dative	*druknini	*druknammaz	*druknōni	*druknōmaz	*druknini	*druknammaz
Instrumental	*drukninē	*druknammiz	*druknōnē	*druknōmiz	*drukninē	*druknammiz

Related terms

*draugiz
*druknijaną
*druknį̄

Descendants

Old English: *drucen (in derivatives)
Old Saxon: drukno, drokno (adverb)
Old High German: trukkan, truckan trokkan
- Middle High German: trucken, trocken
  - German: trocken
  - Yiddish: טרוקן‎ (trukn)