< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreusaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrews-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdreu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*dreusaną[1][2]
- to fall
Inflection
Conjugation of *dreusaną (strong class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *dreusō | *dreusaų | — | *dreusai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *driusizi | *dreusaiz | *dreus | *dreusazai | *dreusaizau |
| 3rd singular | *driusidi | *dreusai | *dreusadau | *dreusadai | *dreusaidau |
| 1st dual | *dreusōz | *dreusaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *dreusadiz | *dreusaidiz | *dreusadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *dreusamaz | *dreusaim | — | *dreusandai | *dreusaindau |
| 2nd plural | *driusid | *dreusaid | *driusid | *dreusandai | *dreusaindau |
| 3rd plural | *dreusandi | *dreusain | *dreusandau | *dreusandai | *dreusaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *draus | *druzį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *draust | *druzīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *draus | *druzī | |||
| 1st dual | *druzū | *druzīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *druzudiz | *druzīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *druzum | *druzīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *druzud | *druzīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *druzun | *druzīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *dreusandz | *druzanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *drauzaz
- *drauzijaną
- *dreuzaz
- *drustiz
- *druziz
Related terms
- *drūsijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *dreusan
- Old English: drēosan
- Middle English: drēsen
- English: drowse
- Middle English: drēsen
- Old Saxon: driosan
- Middle Low German: *drusen
- Low German: drusen, drusken
- Middle Low German: *drusen
- Old Dutch: *driosan
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: druschen, druyschen
- Dutch: druisen
- ⇒ Middle Dutch: druschen, druyschen
- Old English: drēosan
- Old Norse: *drjósa
- Norwegian: drjosa
- Westrobothnian: dröös
- Old Danish: drysa
- Danish: drysse
- Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (driusan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dreusan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*dreusanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 76