< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dreugaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Derived from *dreuganą (“to serve, be loyal”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdreu̯.ɣɑz/
Adjective
*dreugaz
- enduring, lasting
Inflection
Declension of *dreugaz (a-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *dreugaz | *driugai | *dreugō | *dreugôz | *dreugą, *-at(ō) | *dreugō |
| accusative | *dreuganǭ | *dreuganz | *dreugǭ | *dreugōz | *dreugą, *-at(ō) | *dreugō |
| genitive | *dreugas, *driugis | *driugaizǫ̂ | *driugaizōz | *driugaizǫ̂ | *dreugas, *driugis | *driugaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *dreugammai | *driugaimaz | *driugaizōi | *driugaimaz | *dreugammai | *driugaimaz |
| instrumental | *dreuganō | *driugaimiz | *driugaizō | *driugaimiz | *dreuganō | *driugaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *dreugô | *dreuganiz | *dreugǭ | *dreugōniz | *dreugô | *dreugōnō |
| accusative | *dreuganų | *dreuganunz | *dreugōnų | *dreugōnunz | *dreugô | *dreugōnō |
| genitive | *driuginiz | *dreuganǫ̂ | *dreugōniz | *dreugōnǫ̂ | *driuginiz | *dreuganǫ̂ |
| dative | *driugini | *dreugammaz | *dreugōni | *dreugōmaz | *driugini | *dreugammaz |
| instrumental | *driuginē | *dreugammiz | *dreugōnē | *dreugōmiz | *driuginē | *dreugammiz |
Derived terms
- *driugijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *dreug
- Old English: *drēog
- Middle English: dregh, dreȝ, dryȝ
- English: dree, dreigh
- Scots: dreich
- Middle English: dregh, dreȝ, dryȝ
- Old Frisian:
- Saterland Frisian: dreg
- West Frisian: dreech
- Old English: *drēog
- Old Norse: drjúgr
- Icelandic: drjúgur
- Faroese: drjúgvur, drúgvur
- Elfdalian: driuog
- Westrobothnian: drug, dröuw, dru
- Old Swedish: drȳgher
- Swedish: dryg
- → Westrobothnian: dryg
- Swedish: dryg
- Scanian: dryğer
- Old Danish: drȳgh, drø̄gh
- Danish: drøj
- Norwegian Bokmål: drøy
- Danish: drøj
- Gutnish: draugar, dravvur
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN