< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/draugiz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰereuǵʰ-, *dʰerǵʰ- (“to strengthen; become hard or solid”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, hold fast, support”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdrɑu̯.ɣiz/
Adjective
*draugiz
- hard, solid
- dry
Inflection
Declension of *draugiz (i-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *draugiz | *draugijai | *draugī | *draugijôz | *draugį, *-jatō | *draugijō |
| accusative | *draugijanǭ | *draugijanz | *draugijǭ | *draugijōz | *draugį, *-jatō | *draugijō |
| genitive | *draugijas, *draugīs | *draugijaizǫ̂ | *draugijaizōz | *draugijaizǫ̂ | *draugijas, *draugīs | *draugijaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *draugijammai | *draugijaimaz | *draugijaizōi | *draugijaimaz | *draugijammai | *draugijaimaz |
| instrumental | *draugijanō | *draugijaimiz | *draugijaizō | *draugijaimiz | *draugijanō | *draugijaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *draugijô | *draugijaniz | *draugijǭ | *draugijōniz | *draugijô | *draugijōnō |
| accusative | *draugijanų | *draugijanunz | *draugijōnų | *draugijōnunz | *draugijô | *draugijōnō |
| genitive | *draugīniz | *draugijanǫ̂ | *draugijōniz | *draugijōnǫ̂ | *draugīniz | *draugijanǫ̂ |
| dative | *draugīni | *draugijammaz | *draugijōni | *draugijōmaz | *draugīni | *draugijammaz |
| instrumental | *draugīnē | *draugijammiz | *draugijōnē | *draugijōmiz | *draugīnē | *draugijammiz |
Derived terms
- *drauhnōną
Related terms
- *drūgiz
- *druhnaz, *druknaz
Descendants
- Old English: (drȳġe, drīġe (possibly from *drīeġe < *draugiz; but more likely < *drūgiz)); drēahnian (< *drauhnōną)
- Middle English: (drüȝe, dryge, drye, drie); dreinen
- Scots: (dry, drey); drain
- English: (dry); drain
- Middle English: (drüȝe, dryge, drye, drie); dreinen
- Old Saxon: *drōgi
- Middle Low German: drōge
- Low German: dröög, dröge
- → German: dröge
- Low German: dröög, dröge
- Middle Low German: drōge
- Old Dutch: *drougi, *drōgi
- Middle Dutch: drōghe
- Dutch: droog
- Afrikaans: droog
- → West Frisian: droech
- Dutch: droog
- Middle Dutch: drōghe
- Old Norse: draugr (with the sense of "dry wood")
- Icelandic: draugur ("dry log")