Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dingwaną

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Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dingwaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *dʰengʷʰ-, probably of onomatopoeic origin.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdiŋʷ.ɡʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dingwaną[1][2]

1. to beat

Inflection

Conjugation of *dingwaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dingwō	*dingwaų	—	*dingwai	?
2nd singular	*dingwizi	*dingwaiz	*dingw	*dingwazai	*dingwaizau
3rd singular	*dingwidi	*dingwai	*dingwadau	*dingwadai	*dingwaidau
1st dual	*dingwōz	*dingwaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dingwadiz	*dingwaidiz	*dingwadiz	—	—
1st plural	*dingwamaz	*dingwaim	—	*dingwandai	*dingwaindau
2nd plural	*dingwid	*dingwaid	*dingwid	*dingwandai	*dingwaindau
3rd plural	*dingwandi	*dingwain	*dingwandau	*dingwandai	*dingwaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dangw	*dungį̄
2nd singular	*danht	*dungīz
3rd singular	*dangw	*dungī
1st dual	*dungū	*dungīw
2nd dual	*dungudiz	*dungīdiz
1st plural	*dungum	*dungīm
2nd plural	*dungud	*dungīd
3rd plural	*dungun	*dungīn
	present	past
participles	*dingwandz	*dunganaz

Derived terms

• *dangijaną
• *dangōną/*dankōną

Descendants

• Old English: *dingan
  • Middle English: dingen
    • English: ding
• Old Swedish: diunga

References

1. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*dingwan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 96
2. Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*denʒwanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 70