< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/deupaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From pre-Germanic *deuppaz < *dʰewbʰnós, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. The devoicing of what came from the root-final *-bʰ- is due to Kluge's law.[1]Cognate to Old Church Slavonic дъбрь (dŭbrĭ, “valley”), Lithuanian dubùs (“deep, hollow”), Albanian det (“sea”), Welsh dwfn (“deep”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdeu̯.pɑz/
Adjective
*deupaz
- deep
- Antonym: *hauhaz
Inflection
Declension of *deupaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *deupaz | *deupai | *deupō | *deupôz | *deupą, -atō | *deupō |
| Accusative | *deupanǭ | *deupanz | *deupǭ | *deupōz | *deupą, -atō | *deupō |
| Genitive | *deupas, -is | *deupaizǫ̂ | *deupaizōz | *deupaizǫ̂ | *deupas, -is | *deupaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *deupammai | *deupaimaz | *deupaizōi | *deupaimaz | *deupammai | *deupaimaz |
| Instrumental | *deupanō | *deupaimiz | *deupaizō | *deupaimiz | *deupanō | *deupaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *deupô | *deupaniz | *deupǭ | *deupōniz | *deupô | *deupōnō |
| Accusative | *deupanų | *deupanunz | *deupōnų | *deupōnunz | *deupô | *deupōnō |
| Genitive | *deupiniz | *deupanǫ̂ | *deupōniz | *deupōnǫ̂ | *deupiniz | *deupanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *deupini | *deupammaz | *deupōni | *deupōmaz | *deupini | *deupammaz |
| Instrumental | *deupinē | *deupammiz | *deupōnē | *deupōmiz | *deupinē | *deupammiz |
Derived terms
- *deupalīkaz
- *diupį̄
- *diupijaną
- *diupiþō
Related terms
- *daupijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *deup
- Old English: dēop
- Middle English: depe, deep, deepe, deop, dep, deope
- English: deep
- Scots: depe, deep, deip
- Middle English: depe, deep, deepe, deop, dep, deope
- Old Frisian: diāp
- Saterland Frisian: djoop
- West Frisian: djip
- Old Saxon: diop
- Middle Low German: dêp
- Low German: deep
- German Low German: deep
- Plautdietsch: deep
- Middle Low German: dêp
- Old Dutch: *diop, deop, diep
- Middle Dutch: diep
- Dutch: diep
- Afrikaans: diep
- Berbice Creole Dutch: dipu
- Negerhollands: diep, dip
- →? Sranan Tongo: dipi
- → Caribbean Javanese: dipi
- Limburgish: deep
- Dutch: diep
- Middle Dutch: diep
- Old High German: tiof, tiuf
- Middle High German: tiuf, tief
- Alemannic German: tüüf
- German: tief
- Mòcheno: tiaf
- Yiddish: טיף (tif)
- Middle High German: tiuf, tief
- Old English: dēop
- Old Norse: djúpr
- Icelandic: djúpur
- Faroese: djúpur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: djup
- → Norwegian Bokmål: djup
- Old Swedish: diūper
- Swedish: djup
- Danish: dyb
- Norwegian Bokmål: dyp
- Scanian: djyber
- Gothic: 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐍃 (diups)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “deupa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 94