Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōniz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Either from *bōjaną +‎ *-niz,[1] or inherited from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-ni-s, of the same root, from *bʰeh₂- (“to say, speak”) +‎ *-nis.[2] Cognate with Old Armenian բան (ban, “word, speech”), Ancient Greek φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, tone”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɔː.niz/

Noun

*bōniz f[1][2][3][4][5]

supplication, prayer

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *bōniz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bōniz	*bōnīz
vocative	*bōni	*bōnīz
accusative	*bōnį	*bōninz
genitive	*bōnīz	*bōnijǫ̂
dative	*bōnī	*bōnimaz
instrumental	*bōnī	*bōnimiz

Related terms

*bannaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bōni
- Old English: bēn
  - Middle English: ben, bene
    - English: ben, bene
      - ⇒ English: bee
    - ⇒ Scots: been-hook, been-plough
Old Norse: bǿn, bón, bœn
- Icelandic: bón, bæn
- Faroese: bøn
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bøn
- Norwegian Bokmål: bønn
- Westrobothnian: bøn
- Old Swedish: bø̄n
  - Swedish: bön
- Danish: bøn
- → Middle English: boon, bone
  - English: boon
  - Scots: boon

References

Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*bōniz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 52
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bōni-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 72
Torp, Alf (1919), “Bøn”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 820: “Germ. grf. *bôkni- til idg. rot *bhā”
Hellquist, Elof (1922), “bön”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 79: “germ. *bōni-”
Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 227: “PNWGmc *bōniz ‘prayer, request’”

[HGE-1] Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*bōniz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 52

[EDPG-2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bōni-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 72

[3] Torp, Alf (1919), “Bøn”, in Nynorsk Etymologisk Ordbok, Oslo: H. Aschehoug and Co. (W. Nygaard), page 820: “Germ. grf. *bôkni- til idg. rot *bhā”

[4] Hellquist, Elof (1922), “bön”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 79: “germ. *bōni-”

[5] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 227: “PNWGmc *bōniz ‘prayer, request’”