< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bītaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydt, from *bʰeyd- (“to split”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbiː.tɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*bītaną[1][2]
- to bite
Inflection
Conjugation of *bītaną (strong class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bītō | *bītaų | — | *bītai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *bītizi | *bītaiz | *bīt | *bītazai | *bītaizau |
| 3rd singular | *bītidi | *bītai | *bītadau | *bītadai | *bītaidau |
| 1st dual | *bītōz | *bītaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bītadiz | *bītaidiz | *bītadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bītamaz | *bītaim | — | *bītandai | *bītaindau |
| 2nd plural | *bītid | *bītaid | *bītid | *bītandai | *bītaindau |
| 3rd plural | *bītandi | *bītain | *bītandau | *bītandai | *bītaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *bait | *bitį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *baist | *bitīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *bait | *bitī | |||
| 1st dual | *bitū | *bitīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *bitudiz | *bitīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *bitum | *bitīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *bitud | *bitīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *bitun | *bitīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bītandz | *bitanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *baitijaną
- *bītilaz (“beetle”, literally “biter”)
- *bītilaz (“bite; small piece, bit”)
- *bitiz (“bite”, noun)
- Proto-West Germanic: *biti
- *bitô
- *bitraz
Related terms
- *baitaz/*baitą
- *baitōną
- *bitōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bītan
- Old English: bītan
- Middle English: biten
- English: bite
- Scots: bite
- Middle English: biten
- Old Frisian: bīta
- Saterland Frisian: biete
- West Frisian: bite
- Old Saxon: bītan
- Middle Low German: bîten
- Low German: bieten
- Middle Low German: bîten
- Old Dutch: *bītan
- Middle Dutch: biten
- Dutch: bijten
- Limburgish: biete
- Middle Dutch: biten
- Old High German: bīzan
- Middle High German: bīzen
- German: beißen
- Hunsrik: beise
- Luxembourgish: bäissen
- Rhine Franconian: beiße
- Vilamovian: bȧjsa
- Yiddish: בײַסן (baysn)
- Middle High German: bīzen
- Old English: bītan
- Old Norse: bíta
- Icelandic: bíta
- Faroese: bíta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bita
- Norwegian Bokmål: bite
- Elfdalian: baita
- Old Swedish: bīta
- Swedish: bita
- Scanian: bída
- Old Danish: bītæ
- Danish: bide
- Gutnish: bäite
- Gothic: 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 65
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*bītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 46