< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/buþlijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *bōþlijaną[1]
Etymology
From *buþlą + *-janą, a variant of *bōþlą (“house, dwelling, farm”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂w- (“to swell, grow, thrive, be, live, dwell”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbuθ.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*buþlijaną
- to build
Inflection
Conjugation of *buþlijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *buþlijō | *buþlijaų | — | *buþlijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *buþlīsi | *buþlijais | *buþlī | *buþlijasai | *buþlijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *buþlīþi | *buþlijai | *buþlijaþau | *buþlijaþai | *buþlijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *buþlijōs | *buþlijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *buþlijaþiz | *buþlijaiþiz | *buþlijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *buþlijamaz | *buþlijaim | — | *buþlijanþai | *buþlijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *buþlīþ | *buþlijaiþ | *buþlīþ | *buþlijanþai | *buþlijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *buþlijanþi | *buþlijain | *buþlijanþau | *buþlijanþai | *buþlijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *buþlidǭ | *buþlidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *buþlidēz | *buþlidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *buþlidē | *buþlidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *buþlidēdū | *buþlidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *buþlidēdudiz | *buþlidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *buþlidēdum | *buþlidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *buþlidēdud | *buþlidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *buþlidēdun | *buþlidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *buþlijandz | *buþlidaz | |||
Descendants
Old English shows somewhat regular metathesis of -þl- to -lþ-, which becomes -ld-.
- Old English: bytlan, byldan
- Middle English: bylden, beelden, belde, bilden, bildyn, bulden, buylde, buylden (from metathetic byldan)
- English: build
- Middle English: bylden, beelden, belde, bilden, bildyn, bulden, buylde, buylden (from metathetic byldan)
- Old Frisian: belda, *balda
References
- Boutkan, Dirk; Siebinga, Sjoerd (2005), “belda”, in Old Frisian Etymological Dictionary (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 1), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36: “Denominative verb *bōdl-jan > *bēdl-(j)a(n) > bēlda with metathesis *dl > ld”