< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/burgijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbur.ɣi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology 1
Zero-grade ye-present, pre-Germanic *bʰr̥gʰye-, from the root of *berganą (“to preserve”).[1]
Verb
*burgijaną[1][2]
- to keep safe, hide, bury
Inflection
Conjugation of *burgijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *burgijō | *burgijaų | — | *burgijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *burgīsi | *burgijais | *burgī | *burgijasai | *burgijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *burgīþi | *burgijai | *burgijaþau | *burgijaþai | *burgijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *burgijōs | *burgijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *burgijaþiz | *burgijaiþiz | *burgijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *burgijamaz | *burgijaim | — | *burgijanþai | *burgijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *burgīþ | *burgijaiþ | *burgīþ | *burgijanþai | *burgijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *burgijanþi | *burgijain | *burgijanþau | *burgijanþai | *burgijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *burgidǭ | *burgidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *burgidēz | *burgidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *burgidē | *burgidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *burgidēdū | *burgidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *burgidēdudiz | *burgidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *burgidēdum | *burgidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *burgidēdud | *burgidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *burgidēdun | *burgidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *burgijandz | *burgidaz | |||
Derived terms
- *burgīniz
Related terms
- *berganą
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *burgijan
- Old English: byrġan
- Middle English: berien, burien
- English: bury
- Middle English: berien, burien
- Old English: byrġan
- Old Norse: byrgja
- Icelandic: byrgja
- Faroese: byrgja
- Old Swedish: byrghia, børghia
- Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*baurgjan), *𐌱𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*bibaurgjan) implied by 𐌱𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (bibaurgeins)
Etymology 2
From *burgaz (“promise, debt”) + *-janą, or *burgijô (“surety”) + *-janą.
Verb
*burgijaną[3]
- to vouch for
- to promise
Inflection
Conjugation of *burgijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *burgijō | *burgijaų | — | *burgijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *burgīsi | *burgijais | *burgī | *burgijasai | *burgijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *burgīþi | *burgijai | *burgijaþau | *burgijaþai | *burgijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *burgijōs | *burgijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *burgijaþiz | *burgijaiþiz | *burgijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *burgijamaz | *burgijaim | — | *burgijanþai | *burgijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *burgīþ | *burgijaiþ | *burgīþ | *burgijanþai | *burgijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *burgijanþi | *burgijain | *burgijanþau | *burgijanþai | *burgijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *burgidǭ | *burgidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *burgidēz | *burgidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *burgidē | *burgidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *burgidēdū | *burgidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *burgidēdudiz | *burgidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *burgidēdum | *burgidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *burgidēdud | *burgidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *burgidēdun | *burgidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *burgijandz | *burgidaz | |||
Related terms
- *burgōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *burgijan
- Old English: *byrġan
- ⇒ Old English: onbyrġan
- Old High German: *burgen
- ⇒ Old High German: untarburgen
- Middle High German: bürgen
- German: bürgen
- Old English: *byrġan
- Old Norse: *byrgja
- ⇒ Old Norse: ábyrgja
- Icelandic: ábyrgja
- ⇒ Old Norse: ábyrgja
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*burgjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 85
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*burʒjanan I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*burʒjanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 63