< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bullōną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *bʰl̥h₁néh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to the root of *blējaną (“to bleat”), *bellaną (“to roar, bark”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbul.lɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*bullōną
- to howl, roar
Inflection
The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *bull- against *bul-.
Conjugation of *bullōną (weak class 2)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *bullō | *bullǭ | — | *bullōi | ? |
2nd singular | *bullōsi | *bullōs | *bullō | *bullōsai | *bullōsau |
3rd singular | *bullōþi | *bullō | *bullōþau | *bullōþai | *bullōþau |
1st dual | *bullōs | *bullōw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *bullōþiz | *bullōþiz | *bullōþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *bullōmaz | *bullōm | — | *bullōnþai | *bullōnþau |
2nd plural | *bullōþ | *bullōþ | *bullōþ | *bullōnþai | *bullōnþau |
3rd plural | *bullōnþi | *bullōn | *bullōnþau | *bullōnþai | *bullōnþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *bullōdǭ | *bullōdēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *bullōdēz | *bullōdēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *bullōdē | *bullōdēdī | |||
1st dual | *bullōdēdū | *bullōdēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *bullōdēdudiz | *bullōdēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *bullōdēdum | *bullōdēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *bullōdēdud | *bullōdēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *bullōdēdun | *bullōdēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *bullōndz | *bullōdaz |
Descendants
- Old Dutch: *bullon
- Middle Dutch: bullen
- Dutch: bullen
- Middle Dutch: bullen
- Old High German: bullōn
- Middle High German: bullen
- Old Norse: *bulla
- Icelandic: bulla
- Faroese: bulla
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN