Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brōþēr

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbrɔː.θɛːr/

Noun

*brōþēr m

brother

Inflection

r-stemDeclension of *brōþēr (r-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*brōþēr	*brōþriz
vocative	*brōþer	*brōþriz
accusative	*brōþerų	*brōþrunz
genitive	*brōþurz	*brōþrǫ̂
dative	*brōþri	*brōþrumaz
instrumental	*brōþrē	*brōþrumiz

Descendants

Old English: brōþor
- Middle English: brother, broþer, broþir, broþur, broder, broðer, brothir, brothur, broiþer, bruther, brodir, broder, brothre, broþre, brodyr
  - English: brother (see there for further descendants)
  - Scots: brither, bruther, broder, bruder
  - Yola: brover, brower
Old Frisian: brōther
- North Frisian:
  - Söl'ring: Bröðer
  - Fering: bruder
  - Hallig: bröör
  - Halunder: Bruur
  - Bökingharde: brouder
  - Southern Goesharder: brööðer
- Saterland Frisian: Brour, Bruur
- West Frisian: broer
Old Saxon: brōthar
- Middle Low German: brōder
  - German Low German: Broor, Broder
  - Plautdietsch: Brooda
Old Dutch: *bruothar
- Middle Dutch: broeder
  - Dutch: broeder, broer
    - Afrikaans: broeder, broer
  - Limburgish: broor
Old High German: bruoder
- Middle High German: bruoder
  - Alemannic German: Brüeder, Brueder
    Walser: briöder, bruder, brueder, bröder
  - Bavarian: pruadar, prueder, pruider
    Cimbrian: pruudar, pruadar
    Mòcheno: pruader
  - Central Franconian: Broder, Bruder
  - German: Bruder
  - Luxembourgish: Brudder
  - Rhine Franconian:
    Pennsylvania German: Bruder
  - Vilamovian: brüder
  - Yiddish: ברודער‎ (bruder)
Old Norse: bróðir
- Icelandic: bróðir
- Faroese: bróðir
- Norn: brui
- Norwegian: bror, broder
- Old Swedish: brōþir
  - Swedish: broder, bror
- Danish: bror, broder
- Gutnish: bródar, brór
Gothic: 𐌱𐍂𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍂 (brōþar)
Crimean Gothic: bruder