< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bruzdōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Derived from *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbruz.dɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*bruzdōną
- to prick (as with a point)
Inflection
Conjugation of *bruzdōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bruzdō | *bruzdǭ | — | *bruzdōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *bruzdōsi | *bruzdōs | *bruzdō | *bruzdōsai | *bruzdōsau |
| 3rd singular | *bruzdōþi | *bruzdō | *bruzdōþau | *bruzdōþai | *bruzdōþau |
| 1st dual | *bruzdōs | *bruzdōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bruzdōþiz | *bruzdōþiz | *bruzdōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bruzdōmaz | *bruzdōm | — | *bruzdōnþai | *bruzdōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *bruzdōþ | *bruzdōþ | *bruzdōþ | *bruzdōnþai | *bruzdōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *bruzdōnþi | *bruzdōn | *bruzdōnþau | *bruzdōnþai | *bruzdōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *bruzdōdǭ | *bruzdōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *bruzdōdēz | *bruzdōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *bruzdōdē | *bruzdōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *bruzdōdēdū | *bruzdōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *bruzdōdēdudiz | *bruzdōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *bruzdōdēdum | *bruzdōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *bruzdōdēdud | *bruzdōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *bruzdōdēdun | *bruzdōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bruzdōndz | *bruzdōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *bruzdijaną
Descendants
- Old Saxon: brordōn
- Frankish: *brurdōn, *brordōn, *brosdōn
- → Vulgar Latin: *brustāre
- Old French: brosder, broisder, brouder
- Middle French: broder; embroder
- French: broder
- → Dutch: borduren
- Norman: broder (Jersey), broudaïr (Guernésiais)
- Picard: border
- Old French: embrosder, embrouder
- → Middle English: broiden, brouden
- → Middle English: embrouderen, embrowderen, embroderen
- English: embroider (influenced by Middle English broiden)
- Middle French: broder; embroder
- Iberian:
- Old Portuguese: broslar
- Galician: brozlar
- Portuguese: broslar
- Spanish: broslar
- Old Portuguese: broslar
- Old Italian: brustare
- Old Occitan: broidar, brodar
- Occitan: brodar
- Old Catalan: broidar
- Catalan: brodar
- Old French: brosder, broisder, brouder
- → Vulgar Latin: *brustāre
- Old High German: *brortōn (attested in gibrortot)
- Old Norse: brodda
- Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽 (*bruzdōn) (adduced based on Romance borrowings showing brust-)