< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brekaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbre.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*brekaną
- to break
Inflection
Conjugation of *brekaną (strong class 4)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *brekō | *brekaų | — | *brekai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *brikizi | *brekaiz | *brek | *brekazai | *brekaizau |
| 3rd singular | *brikidi | *brekai | *brekadau | *brekadai | *brekaidau |
| 1st dual | *brekōz | *brekaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *brekadiz | *brekaidiz | *brekadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *brekamaz | *brekaim | — | *brekandai | *brekaindau |
| 2nd plural | *brikid | *brekaid | *brikid | *brekandai | *brekaindau |
| 3rd plural | *brekandi | *brekain | *brekandau | *brekandai | *brekaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *brak | *brēkį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *braht | *brēkīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *brak | *brēkī | |||
| 1st dual | *brēkū | *brēkīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *brēkudiz | *brēkīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *brēkum | *brēkīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *brēkud | *brēkīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *brēkun | *brēkīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *brekandz | *brukanaz | |||
Derived terms
- *brēkiz
- *bruhtiz
- *brukiz
- *brukulaz
- *frabrekaną
Related terms
- *brakōną
- *braką
- *brakǭ
- *brukkōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *brekan
- Old English: brecan
- Middle English: breken
- Scots: breke
- English: break
- Middle English: breken
- Old Frisian: breka
- North Frisian:
- Föhr-Amrum: breeg
- Helgoland and Sylt: breek
- Mooring: breege
- Saterland Frisian: breke
- West Frisian: brekke
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: brekan
- Middle Low German: breken
- Low German: breken
- → Danish: brække
- → Norwegian Bokmål: brekke
- → Swedish: bräcka
- Middle Low German: breken
- Old Dutch: *brecan
- Middle Dutch: brēken
- Dutch: breken
- Limburgish: braeke
- Middle Dutch: brēken
- Old High German: brehhan
- Middle High German: brechen
- German: brechen
- Luxembourgish: briechen
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: breche
- Yiddish: ברעכן (brekhn)
- Middle High German: brechen
- → Franco-Provençal: breyér
- Bressan: brayë
- Fribourgeois: brêyi
- → Old French: broiier (see there for further descendants)
- Old English: brecan
- Gothic: 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan)
- → Catalan: bregar
- → Galician: breigar
- → Italian: brigare
- → Portuguese: brigar
- Papiamentu: bringa
- → Spanish: bregar
- → Venetian: sbregar