Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/braudą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Disputed. Probably a conflation of Proto-Indo-European *bʰerw-, *bʰrewh₁- (“to boil, seethe”) (see brew, broth) and Proto-Indo-European *bʰera- (“to cut, scratch, split, rub, beat, hew, struggle”) (see brittle and brothel). More at bread.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbrɑu̯.ðɑ̃/

Noun

*braudą n

fragment, piece
bread

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *braudą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*braudą	*braudō
vocative	*braudą	*braudō
accusative	*braudą	*braudō
genitive	braudas, braudis	*braudǫ̂
dative	*braudai	*braudamaz
instrumental	*braudō	*braudamiz

Usage notes

According to Kluge, *hlaibaz probably referred to unleavened bread, whereas *braudą (sharing the root of *brewwaną (“to brew”)) was the more modern leavened bread.

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *braud
- Old English: brēad, brēod
  - Middle English: bred, bredd, brede, breed, breede, breid, brid; bread, bræd; bryad, bryead
    - English: bread
      - Bislama: bred
      - Sranan Tongo: brede
      - Tok Pisin: bret
      - → Fiji Hindi: bareed
      - → Marshallese: būreej
      - → Yoruba: búrẹ́dì
    - Scots: breid
    - Yola: breed
- Old Frisian: brād
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr-Amrum: braud
    Karrharder: brüdj
    Helgoland: Brooad
    Mooring: brüüdj
    Nordergoesharder: bruud
    Sylt: Bruar
    Wiedingharder: bruuid
  - Saterland Frisian: Brood
  - West Frisian: brea
- Old Saxon: brōd
  - Middle Low German: brôt
    - German Low German: Broot
    - Plautdietsch: Broot
- Old Dutch: *brōd
  - Middle Dutch: brôot
    - Dutch: brood
      - Afrikaans: brood
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: broto
      - Jersey Dutch: brôt
      - Negerhollands: brood, brot
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: brot
    - Limburgish: broead
- Old High German: brōt, prot, prooth, *brōd
  - Middle High German: brōt, brōd
    - Alemannic German: Brot
      Italian Walser: brot, broud, bruat, bròt, bröt
    - Bavarian: Brout, proat
      Cimbrian: proat, pròat
      Mòcheno: proat
    - Central Franconian: Brot, Brut
      Hunsrik: Brod, proot
      Luxembourgish: Brout
    - German: Brot
    - Pennsylvania German: Brot
    - Vilamovian: brūt
    - Yiddish: ברויט‎ (broyt)
Old Norse: brauð
- Icelandic: brauð
- Faroese: breyð
- Norn: brow, brau
- Norwegian Nynorsk: braud
- Elfdalian: broð
- Old Swedish: brø̄þ
  - Swedish: bröd
    - Elfdalian: bröð
- Old Danish: brøth
  - Danish: brød
    - Norwegian Bokmål: brød
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: brød
Crimean Gothic: broe
Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸 (*brauþ)
- → Catalan: broa
- → Old Portuguese: borõa
  - Galician: broa, boroa
  - Portuguese: broa, boroa
    - → English: broa

References

Kluge, F. and E. Seebold (2002), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 24., durchgesehene und erweiterte Auflage, bearbeitet von Elmar Seebold, (on CD-ROM), Berlin. Entry Laib.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 715f