< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/brannijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *brinnaną (“to burn”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbrɑn.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*brannijaną[1][2]
- to cause to burn, to set on fire
Inflection
Conjugation of *brannijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *brannijō | *brannijaų | — | *brannijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *brannīsi | *brannijais | *brannī | *brannijasai | *brannijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *brannīþi | *brannijai | *brannijaþau | *brannijaþai | *brannijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *brannijōs | *brannijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *brannijaþiz | *brannijaiþiz | *brannijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *brannijamaz | *brannijaim | — | *brannijanþai | *brannijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *brannīþ | *brannijaiþ | *brannīþ | *brannijanþai | *brannijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *brannijanþi | *brannijain | *brannijanþau | *brannijanþai | *brannijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *brannidǭ | *brannidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *brannidēz | *brannidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *brannidē | *brannidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *brannidēdū | *brannidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *brannidēdudiz | *brannidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *brannidēdum | *brannidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *brannidēdud | *brannidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *brannidēdun | *brannidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *brannijandz | *brannidaz | |||
Descendants
Many of these descendants have become conflated with the base verb *brinnaną.
- Proto-West Germanic: *brannijan
- Old English: bærnan, *brænnan
- Middle English: brennen
- English: bren
- Scots: brenn, bren, brend
- Middle English: brennen
- Old Frisian: berna, barna
- West Frisian: baarne, barne, brâne
- Old Saxon: brennian
- Middle Low German: bernen
- Low German: brennen, brannen
- Middle Low German: bernen
- Old Dutch: brennen
- Middle Dutch: bernen, barnen
- Dutch: barnen
- Limburgish: borre, brenje
- Middle Dutch: bernen, barnen
- Old High German: brennen
- Middle High German: brennen
- German: brennen
- Luxembourgish: brennen
- Yiddish: ברענען (brenen)
- Middle High German: brennen
- Old English: bærnan, *brænnan
- Old Norse: brenna, brinna
- Icelandic: brenna
- Faroese: brenna
- Norwegian: brenne
- Elfdalian: brinna
- Westrobothnian: brinn’
- Old Swedish: brinna
- Swedish: brinna
- Old Danish: brinnæ, brænnæ
- Danish: brænde
- Scanian: brænða
- Gutnish: brinne
- Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*brannjan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*brannjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 74
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*brannjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 54