< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/blauþuz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *mlew-. Related to Proto-Germanic *blewwaną (“to beat (up), blow”), Ancient Greek ἀμβλύς (amblús, “blunt; dim, faint”), Avestan 𐬨𐬭𐬎𐬙𐬀 (mruta, “crushed (?), weak”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈblɑu̯.θuz/
Adjective
*blauþuz
- weak, feeble, emaciated
- lacking, void, naked
- soft, faint-hearted, gentle
Inflection
Declension of *blauþuz (u-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *blauþuz | *blauþijai | *blauþī | *blauþijôz | *blauþų, *-jatō | *blauþijō |
| accusative | *blauþijanǭ | *blauþijanz | *blauþijǭ | *blauþijōz | *blauþų, *-jatō | *blauþijō |
| genitive | *blauþijas, *blauþīs | *blauþijaizǫ̂ | *blauþijaizōz | *blauþijaizǫ̂ | *blauþijas, *blauþīs | *blauþijaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *blauþijammai | *blauþijaimaz | *blauþijaizōi | *blauþijaimaz | *blauþijammai | *blauþijaimaz |
| instrumental | *blauþijanō | *blauþijaimiz | *blauþijaizō | *blauþijaimiz | *blauþijanō | *blauþijaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *blauþijô | *blauþijaniz | *blauþijǭ | *blauþijōniz | *blauþijô | *blauþijōnō |
| accusative | *blauþijanų | *blauþijanunz | *blauþijōnų | *blauþijōnunz | *blauþijô | *blauþijōnō |
| genitive | *blauþīniz | *blauþijanǫ̂ | *blauþijōniz | *blauþijōnǫ̂ | *blauþīniz | *blauþijanǫ̂ |
| dative | *blauþīni | *blauþijammaz | *blauþijōni | *blauþijōmaz | *blauþīni | *blauþijammaz |
| instrumental | *blauþīnē | *blauþijammiz | *blauþijōnē | *blauþijōmiz | *blauþīnē | *blauþijammiz |
Derived terms
- *blauþijaną
- *blauþį̄
Descendants
- Old English: blēaþ
- Middle English: bleath, bleth, blethe
- Scots: blait, blate
- → English: blate, bloat
- Scots: blait, blate
- Middle English: bleath, bleth, blethe
- Old Frisian: *blāth
- Saterland Frisian: blood
- West Frisian: blea
- Old Saxon: *blōth, blōthi
- Middle Low German: blōde, blöde
- German Low German: blood
- Middle Low German: blōde, blöde
- Frankish: *blauthi, *blōdi
- Old Dutch: *blōdi
- Middle Dutch: blōde, bloot
- Dutch: blood, bloo, bleu
- Middle Dutch: blōde, bloot
- Old Dutch: *blōdi
- Old High German: plōdi, blōdi
- Middle High German: blöde
- German: blöde, blöd
- Luxembourgish: bléid
- Middle High German: blöde
- Old Norse: blauðr
- Icelandic: blauður
- Old Swedish: blø̄dher
- Swedish: blöd
- Danish: blød
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “blauþu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN