< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bitōną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *bitô (“piece, bit, chunk”) + *-ōną[1], or of iterative origin.[2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbi.tɔː.nɑ̃/
Verb
*bitōną[1]
- to cut into bits
- to crunch, to gnash
Inflection
Conjugation of *bitōną (weak class 2)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bitō | *bitǭ | — | *bitōi | *? |
| 2nd singular | *bitōsi | *bitōs | *bitō | *bitōsai | *bitōsau |
| 3rd singular | *bitōþi | *bitō | *bitōþau | *bitōþai | *bitōþau |
| 1st dual | *bitōs | *bitōw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bitōþiz | *bitōþiz | *bitōþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bitōmaz | *bitōm | — | *bitōnþai | *bitōnþau |
| 2nd plural | *bitōþ | *bitōþ | *bitōþ | *bitōnþai | *bitōnþau |
| 3rd plural | *bitōnþi | *bitōn | *bitōnþau | *bitōnþai | *bitōnþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *bitōdǭ | *bitōdēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *bitōdēz | *bitōdēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *bitōdē | *bitōdēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *bitōdēdū | *bitōdēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *bitōdēdudiz | *bitōdēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *bitōdēdum | *bitōdēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *bitōdēdud | *bitōdēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *bitōdēdun | *bitōdēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bitōndz | *bitōdaz | |||
Related terms
- *bītaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bitōn
- Old English: *bitian
- ⇒ Old English: gristbitian
- Old High German: bizzōn
- Old English: *bitian
- Old Norse: bita
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) , “*bitōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 45
- Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages 198, *bit(t)ōn