Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/biliz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰil-i-s, from *bʰil- (“good, decent”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved, lief”), Old Irish bil (“good, mild”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbi.liz/

Adjective

*biliz

kind, gentle, merciful
decent, fair, equitable

Inflection

Declension of *biliz (i-stem)

strong declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*biliz	*biljai	*bilī	*biljôz	*bili	*biljō
accusative	*biljanǭ	*biljanz	*biljǭ	*biljōz	*bili	*biljō
genitive	biljas, bilis	*biljaizǫ̂	*biljaizōz	*biljaizǫ̂	biljas, bilis	*biljaizǫ̂
dative	*biljammai	*biljaimaz	*biljaizōi	*biljaimaz	*biljammai	*biljaimaz
instrumental	*biljanō	*biljaimiz	*biljaizō	*biljaimiz	*biljanō	*biljaimiz

weak declension
	masculine		feminine		neuter
	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
nominative	*biljô	*biljaniz	*biljǭ	*biljōniz	*biljô	*biljōnō
accusative	*biljanų	*biljanunz	*biljōnų	*biljōnunz	*biljô	*biljōnō
genitive	*biliniz	*biljanǫ̂	*biljōniz	*biljōnǫ̂	*biliniz	*biljanǫ̂
dative	*bilini	*biljammaz	*biljōni	*biljōmaz	*bilini	*biljammaz
instrumental	*bilinē	*biljammiz	*biljōnē	*biljōmiz	*bilinē	*biljammiz

Descendants

Old English: bile, bele (in compounds: bilewit, belewit; bilehwīt)
- Middle English: bilewit, bilewhit
Old Frisian: *billīk
- Saterland Frisian: billich ("fair, equitable, just")
- West Frisian: billik, binlik
Old Saxon: bili (in compound: biliwit; unbilithunga); *billīk
- Middle Low German: billik, billich, bilk
Old Dutch: *biliwit; *bili; *billīk
- Middle Dutch: beelwitte, belewitte, beluwitte; billic, bilc, billijc
  - Dutch: beeldwit; billijk
    - Afrikaans: billik
Old High German: bili (in compounds: *biliwiz); billūh, billīh
- Middle High German: bilewiz, bilwiz, bilwīz; billich; unbil
  - German: Bilwiz; billig
    - Saterland Frisian: billich ("at fair/decent price, inexpensive, cheap")
    - Danish: billig
    - Swedish: billig
  - Luxembourgish: bëlleg