< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/berganą
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰergʰ- (“to take care of, protect, preserve”). Cognate to Russian бере́чь (beréčʹ).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈber.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*berganą[1][2]
- to take care of
- to preserve, to keep
- to protect, to save
Inflection
Conjugation of *berganą (strong class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bergō | *bergaų | — | *bergai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *birgizi | *bergaiz | *berg | *bergazai | *bergaizau |
| 3rd singular | *birgidi | *bergai | *bergadau | *bergadai | *bergaidau |
| 1st dual | *bergōz | *bergaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bergadiz | *bergaidiz | *bergadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bergamaz | *bergaim | — | *bergandai | *bergaindau |
| 2nd plural | *birgid | *bergaid | *birgid | *bergandai | *bergaindau |
| 3rd plural | *bergandi | *bergain | *bergandau | *bergandai | *bergaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *barg | *burgį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *barht | *burgīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *barg | *burgī | |||
| 1st dual | *burgū | *burgīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *burgudiz | *burgīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *burgum | *burgīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *burgud | *burgīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *burgun | *burgīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bergandz | *burganaz | |||
Derived terms
- *burgaz
- *gaberganą
Related terms
- *burgijaną
- *burgōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bergan
- Old English: beorgan
- Middle English: berwen, berȝen, bergen, berghen, beregen, berrȝhenn
- Old Frisian: *berga; bergia
- Saterland Frisian: bierge
- West Frisian: bergje
- Old Saxon: *bergan
- Middle Low German: bergen, bargen
- German Low German: bargen
- → Swedish: bärga (partly)
- →? Finnish: pärjätä
- Middle Low German: bergen, bargen
- Old Dutch: bergan
- Middle Dutch: bergen
- Dutch: bergen
- Afrikaans: berg
- Limburgish: bèrge
- Dutch: bergen
- Middle Dutch: bergen
- Old High German: bergan
- Middle High German: bergen
- German: bergen
- Luxembourgish: biergen
- Middle High German: bergen
- Old English: beorgan
- Old Norse: bjarga
- Icelandic: bjarga
- Faroese: bjarga
- Norwegian: berge
- Old Swedish: biærgha
- Swedish: bärga (partly)
- Old Danish: biærghæ
- Danish: bjærge
- Westrobothnian: berg
- Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌽 (bairgan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bergan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 60
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*berʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 42