< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bellaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to sound; roar; bark”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbel.lɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*bellaną[1][2]
- to roar, bark, bellow
- to ring
Inflection
Conjugation of *bellaną (strong class 3)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *bellō | *bellaų | — | *bellai | ? |
2nd singular | *billizi | *bellaiz | *bell | *bellazai | *bellaizau |
3rd singular | *billidi | *bellai | *belladau | *belladai | *bellaidau |
1st dual | *bellōz | *bellaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *belladiz | *bellaidiz | *belladiz | — | — |
1st plural | *bellamaz | *bellaim | — | *bellandai | *bellaindau |
2nd plural | *billid | *bellaid | *billid | *bellandai | *bellaindau |
3rd plural | *bellandi | *bellain | *bellandau | *bellandai | *bellaindau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *ball | *bullį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *ballt | *bullīz | |||
3rd singular | *ball | *bullī | |||
1st dual | *bullū | *bullīw | |||
2nd dual | *bulludiz | *bullīdiz | |||
1st plural | *bullum | *bullīm | |||
2nd plural | *bullud | *bullīd | |||
3rd plural | *bullun | *bullīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *bellandz | *bullanaz |
Related terms
- *baljōną
- *bellǭ
- *buljaną
Descendants
- Old English: bellan
- Middle English: bellen
- English: bell
- Scots: bell
- Middle English: bellen
- Old Saxon: *bellan
- Middle Low German: bellen
- German Low German: bellen
- Middle Low German: bellen
- Old Dutch: *bellan
- Middle Dutch: bellen
- Dutch: bellen
- Middle Dutch: bellen
- Old High German: bellan
- Middle High German: bëllen
- Cimbrian: pèlln
- German: bellen
- Middle High German: bëllen
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bellan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 58
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*bellanan II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 41