Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-. Cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“lad, servant”), berniukas (“boy”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɑr.nɑ̃/

Noun

*barną n

child

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *barną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*barną	*barnō
vocative	*barną	*barnō
accusative	*barną	*barnō
genitive	barnas, barnis	*barnǫ̂
dative	*barnai	*barnamaz
instrumental	*barnō	*barnamiz

Related terms

*beraną
*bēriz
*burdiz, *burþiz
*burjaną
*burjô

Derived terms

*barnalausaz
*barniskaz
*steupabarną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *barn
- Old English: bearn, bern
  - Middle English: barn, bern, bearn, bærn, barne, berne, baren
    - English: barn (obsolete, dialectal)
      - Northumbrian: bairn
    - Scots: bairn
      - → English: bairn
    - Yola: barrn
- Old Frisian: barn, bern
  - North Frisian: bjarn
  - Saterland Frisian: Bäiden, Bidden
  - West Frisian: barn, bern
- Old Saxon: barn
- Old Dutch: *barn
  - Middle Dutch: baren
- Old High German: barn, parn
  - Middle High German: barn
Old Norse: barn
- Icelandic: barn
- Faroese: barn
- Norwegian Nynorsk: badn, barn, bonn, bån
- Norwegian Bokmål: barn
- Jamtish: bǫ́rn
- Old Swedish: barn
  - Swedish: barn
- Old Danish: barn
  - Danish: barn
- Gutnish: ban
Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽 (barn)
Crimean Gothic: baar
→ Proto-Samic: *pārnē (see there for further descendants)