Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bardō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Of uncertain origin; possibly from *bardaz (“edge, brim; beard”)[1], from earlier *barzdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰórsdʰ-o-s[2], from *bʰers- (“tip, edge”) +‎ *-dʰh₁eti (compare Sanskrit भृस्ति (bhṛstí, “tip, edge”)).[3] Alternatively perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰórHdʰ-o-s, from *bʰerHdʰ-, from *bʰerH- (“to strike, pierce; to work with sharp tools”) +‎ *-dʰh₁eti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbar.ðoː/

Noun

*bardō f[1]

axe
Synonyms: *adisô, *akwisī, *bardǭ, *bīþlaz

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *bardō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bardō	*bardôz
vocative	*bardō	*bardôz
accusative	*bardǭ	*bardōz
genitive	*bardōz	*bardǫ̂
dative	*bardōi	*bardōmaz
instrumental	*bardō	*bardōmiz

Related terms

*bardaz (“beard”) (perhaps)
*bardǭ

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bardu
- Old High German: barta
Old Norse: barða
- Icelandic: barða (archaic)
→? Proto-Slavic: *bordy (“axe”)[4] (see there for further descendants)

References

Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ƀarđōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*barzda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86
Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 150-151
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bordy”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 201

[HGE-1] Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*ƀarđōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*barzda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86

[Kroonen-3] Kroonen, Guus (2011) The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 150-151

[4] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bordy”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages] (in Russian), issue 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 201