< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bardaz
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.
The change from a feminine first declension pattern to a masculine short a-stem is analogous; a more etymologically accurate descendant would be something like "bardō."
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɑr.ðɑz/
Noun
*bardaz m[1]
- beard
Inflection
masculine a-stemDeclension of *bardaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *bardaz | *bardōz, *bardōs | |
vocative | *bard | *bardōz, *bardōs | |
accusative | *bardą | *bardanz | |
genitive | *bardas, *bardis | *bardǫ̂ | |
dative | *bardai | *bardamaz | |
instrumental | *bardō | *bardamiz |
Derived terms
- *bardalausaz
- *bardǭ, *bardō (perhaps)
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bard
- Old English: beard
- Middle English: berd, bard, bærd, beord, burd
- English: beard
- Scots: berd, berde, beird
- Yola: bearde
- → Anglo-Norman: berd
- →⇒ Anglo-Norman: barder (verb) (merged with Old French barbier)
- Middle English: berd, bard, bærd, beord, burd
- Old Frisian: *bard, berd
- West Frisian: burd
- Old Saxon: bard
- Middle Low German: bart
- German Low German: Baart
- Westphalian
- Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: Bårt
- Vest Recklinghausen: Bart
- Westmünsterländisch: Baord, Buord, Burd
- Plautdietsch: Boat
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: barde
- → Saterland Frisian: Boart
- Middle Low German: bart
- Old Dutch: *bart
- Middle Dutch: bāert
- Dutch: baard
- Afrikaans: baard
- Negerhollands: baard
- → Virgin Islands Creole: bad (archaic)
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: barde
- → West Frisian: baard
- Limburgish: baerd
- Dutch: baard
- Middle Dutch: bāert
- Old High German: bart
- Middle High German: bart
- Alemannic German: Baart
- Central Franconian:
- Hunsrik: Baart
- Luxembourgish: Baart
- East Central German:
- Upper Saxon:
- Vilamovian: biöet, biöt
- East Franconian:
- German: Bart
- → Norwegian: bart
- Rhine Franconian: Bat, Bart
- Frankfurterisch: [b̥ɑːt], (older) [b̥ɔːt]
- Pennsylvania German: Baart
- Yiddish: באָרד (bord)
- Middle High German: bart
- Old English: beard
- Old Norse: barð n (< *barðą)
- Icelandic: barð
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bard, barde
- Crimean Gothic: bars
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*bardaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 36