< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bannaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *bʰh₂-nw-, a zero grade nu-present form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”), similar in form to Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati).[1] The cluster -nw- seems to have caused gemination; see *kinnuz, *þunnuz for the same development.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɑn.nɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*bannaną
- to proclaim, to order
- to summon
- to ban
Inflection
Conjugation of *bannaną (strong class 7c)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bannō | *bannaų | — | *bannai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *bannizi | *bannaiz | *bann | *bannazai | *bannaizau |
| 3rd singular | *bannidi | *bannai | *bannadau | *bannadai | *bannaidau |
| 1st dual | *bannōz | *bannaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bannadiz | *bannaidiz | *bannadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bannamaz | *bannaim | — | *bannandai | *bannaindau |
| 2nd plural | *bannid | *bannaid | *bannid | *bannandai | *bannaindau |
| 3rd plural | *bannandi | *bannain | *bannandau | *bannandai | *bannaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *beban(n) | *bebannį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *beban(n)t | *bebannīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *beban(n) | *bebannī | |||
| 1st dual | *bebannū | *bebannīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *bebannudiz | *bebannīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *bebannum | *bebannīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *bebannud | *bebannīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *bebannun | *bebannīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bannandz | *bannanaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bannan
- Old English: bannan
- Middle English: bannen
- Scots: ban (“to promise”)
- English: ban
- Middle English: bannen
- Old Frisian: banna
- Saterland Frisian: banne
- West Frisian: banne
- Old Saxon: bannan
- Middle Low German: bannan, *bannen
- Low German: bannen
- Middle Low German: bannan, *bannen
- Old Dutch: *bannan
- Middle Dutch: bannen
- Dutch: bannen
- Afrikaans: ban
- Dutch: bannen
- Middle Dutch: bannen
- Old High German: pannan, bannan
- Middle High German: bannen
- German: bannen
- → Luxembourgish: bannen
- German: bannen
- Middle High German: bannen
- Old English: bannan
- Old Norse: banna
- Icelandic: banna
- Faroese: banna
- Norwegian: banne
- Swedish: banna
- Danish: bande
- → Middle English: banne(n)
- Scots: ban (“to curse”)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN