< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bandijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *bindaną + *-janą[1]. The sense to "bend, inflect" (Old Norse and Old English only) is probably derived from the act of bending a bow in order to bind it.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɑn.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*bandijaną[1][2]
- (transitive) To bind, fetter, restrain; stretch
- (transitive) To bend
Inflection
Conjugation of *bandijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bandijō | *bandijaų | — | *bandijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *bandīsi | *bandijais | *bandī | *bandijasai | *bandijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *bandīþi | *bandijai | *bandijaþau | *bandijaþai | *bandijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *bandijōs | *bandijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bandijaþiz | *bandijaiþiz | *bandijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bandijamaz | *bandijaim | — | *bandijanþai | *bandijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *bandīþ | *bandijaiþ | *bandīþ | *bandijanþai | *bandijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *bandijanþi | *bandijain | *bandijanþau | *bandijanþai | *bandijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *bandidǭ | *bandidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *bandidēz | *bandidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *bandidē | *bandidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *bandidēdū | *bandidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *bandidēdudiz | *bandidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *bandidēdum | *bandidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *bandidēdud | *bandidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *bandidēdun | *bandidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bandijandz | *bandidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bandijan
- Old English: bendan
- Middle English: benden
- English: bend
- Scots: bend
- Middle English: benden
- Old Saxon: *bendian
- Middle Low German: benden
- Old High German: *benten
- Middle High German: benden
- → Old French: bender, bander
- Middle French: bander
- French: bander
- → Occitan: bendar
- → Italian: bendare, bandare
- → Spanish: vendar, bandar
- → Portuguese: vendar, bandar
- Middle French: bander
- Old English: bendan
- Old Norse: benda
- Icelandic: benda
- Faroese: benda
- Norwegian: bende
- Old Swedish: bænda
- Swedish: bända
- Danish: bænde
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bandjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*bandjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 35