< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balþijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *balþaz (“bold”) + *-janą.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɑl.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*balþijaną[1][2]
- to make bold; animate; encourage
Inflection
Conjugation of *balþijaną (weak class 1)
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | *balþijō | *balþijaų | — | *balþijai | ? |
2nd singular | *balþīsi | *balþijais | *balþī | *balþijasai | *balþijaisau |
3rd singular | *balþīþi | *balþijai | *balþijaþau | *balþijaþai | *balþijaiþau |
1st dual | *balþijōs | *balþijaiw | — | — | — |
2nd dual | *balþijaþiz | *balþijaiþiz | *balþijaþiz | — | — |
1st plural | *balþijamaz | *balþijaim | — | *balþijanþai | *balþijainþau |
2nd plural | *balþīþ | *balþijaiþ | *balþīþ | *balþijanþai | *balþijainþau |
3rd plural | *balþijanþi | *balþijain | *balþijanþau | *balþijanþai | *balþijainþau |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *balþidǭ | *balþidēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *balþidēz | *balþidēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *balþidē | *balþidēdī | |||
1st dual | *balþidēdū | *balþidēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *balþidēdudiz | *balþidēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *balþidēdum | *balþidēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *balþidēdud | *balþidēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *balþidēdun | *balþidēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | *balþijandz | *balþidaz |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *balþijan
- Old English: bieldan, byldan, bildan
- Middle English: bēlden, beelden
- Scots: belde, beild, bield
- English: bield
- Middle English: bēlden, beelden
- Old Saxon: beldian
- Old High German: belden
- Middle High German: belden, balden
- Old English: bieldan, byldan, bildan
- Old Norse: bella
- Elfdalian: bella
- Icelandic: bella
- Westrobothnian: bäll, beel
- Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (balþjan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*balþ/da-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 50: “*balþjan-”
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*balþjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 34