< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/balþaz
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From pre-Germanic *bʰóltos (“inflated, strong”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell, inflate”) + *-tos, the suffix equivalent to Proto-Germanic *-þaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɑl.θɑz/
Adjective
*balþaz
- strong, bold
Inflection
Declension of *balþaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *balþaz | *balþai | *balþō | *balþôz | *balþą, -atō | *balþō |
| Accusative | *balþanǭ | *balþanz | *balþǭ | *balþōz | *balþą, -atō | *balþō |
| Genitive | *balþas, -is | *balþaizǫ̂ | *balþaizōz | *balþaizǫ̂ | *balþas, -is | *balþaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *balþammai | *balþaimaz | *balþaizōi | *balþaimaz | *balþammai | *balþaimaz |
| Instrumental | *balþanō | *balþaimiz | *balþaizō | *balþaimiz | *balþanō | *balþaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *balþô | *balþaniz | *balþǭ | *balþōniz | *balþô | *balþōnō |
| Accusative | *balþanų | *balþanunz | *balþōnų | *balþōnunz | *balþô | *balþōnō |
| Genitive | *balþiniz | *balþanǫ̂ | *balþōniz | *balþōnǫ̂ | *balþiniz | *balþanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *balþini | *balþammaz | *balþōni | *balþōmaz | *balþini | *balþammaz |
| Instrumental | *balþinē | *balþammiz | *balþōnē | *balþōmiz | *balþinē | *balþammiz |
Derived terms
- *balþį̄
- *balþijaną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *balþ
- Old English: beald, bald
- Middle English: bolde, bold, boold, bald, beald
- English: bold, bawd
- Scots: bald, bauld, baul, bawl, beld
- Middle English: bolde, bold, boold, bald, beald
- Old Frisian: bald
- ⇒ Old Frisian: balde (adverb)
- Saterland Frisian: bolde
- ⇒ Old Frisian: balde (adverb)
- Old Saxon: bald
- Middle Low German: bald, bold, balt, bolt
- German Low German: bold, boll
- Middle Low German: bald, bold, balt, bolt
- Old Dutch: bald
- Middle Dutch: bout
- Dutch: boud
- Middle Dutch: bout
- Old High German: bald, pald
- Middle High German: balt
- ⇒ Old High German: baldo (adverb)
- Middle High German: balde
- German: bald
- Luxembourgish: bal
- Middle High German: balde
- → Old French: baud, bald, balt, baut
- Bourguignon: baud
- Middle French: baud
- French: baud
- → Italian: baldo
- → Middle English: bawde, baude (noun)
- English: bawd
- Old English: beald, bald
- Proto-Norse:
- Old Norse: ballr, baldr
- Icelandic: ballur
- Old Swedish: balder
- Swedish: båld
- Old Danish: bold
- ⇒ Old Norse: Baldr
- Old Norse: ballr, baldr
- Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐍃 (*balþs)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌱𐌰 (balþaba)