< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bakaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
- *bakkaną (see note below in Descendants)
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *bʰh₃g-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g- (“to roast, bake”). Related to Ancient Greek φώγω (phṓgō, “to roast”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɑ.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*bakaną[1]
- to bake
Inflection
Conjugation of *bakaną (strong class 6)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *bakō | *bakaų | — | *bakai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *bakizi | *bakaiz | *bak | *bakazai | *bakaizau |
| 3rd singular | *bakidi | *bakai | *bakadau | *bakadai | *bakaidau |
| 1st dual | *bakōz | *bakaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *bakadiz | *bakaidiz | *bakadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *bakamaz | *bakaim | — | *bakandai | *bakaindau |
| 2nd plural | *bakid | *bakaid | *bakid | *bakandai | *bakaindau |
| 3rd plural | *bakandi | *bakain | *bakandau | *bakandai | *bakaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *bōk | *bōkį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *bōht | *bōkīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *bōk | *bōkī | |||
| 1st dual | *bōkū | *bōkīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *bōkudiz | *bōkīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *bōkum | *bōkīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *bōkud | *bōkīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *bōkun | *bōkīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *bakandz | *bakanaz | |||
Related terms
- *bakkōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *bakan
- Old English: bacan
- Middle English: baken, bakyn, bake, bakenn
- English: bake
- Scots: bake
- → Irish: bácáil
- Middle English: baken, bakyn, bake, bakenn
- Old Frisian: *baka, *bakka
- North Frisian:
- Amrum, Feer: baag
- Hoolmer, Mooring, Ockholm: bååge
- Langenhorn, Hoorninger, Wiedingharder: baage
- Sylt: baak
- Saterland Frisian: boake
- West Frisian: bakke
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: bakkan
- Middle Low German: backen
- Westphalian:
- Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: backen
- Sauerländisch: backen
- Westmünsterländisch: backen
- Plautdietsch: baken
- Westphalian:
- Middle Low German: backen
- Old Dutch: *bakan, *bakkan
- Middle Dutch: baken, backen
- Dutch: bakken
- → Sranan Tongo: baka
- Dutch: bakken
- Middle Dutch: baken, backen
- Old High German: bahhan, backan
- Middle High German: bachen, backen
- German: backen, (early, dialectal) bachen
- Luxembourgish: baken
- Yiddish: באַקן (bakn)
- Middle High German: bachen, backen
- Old English: bacan
- Old Norse: baka
- Icelandic: baka
- Faroese: baka
- Norn: båke
- Norwegian: bake
- Elfdalian: båkå
- Old Swedish: baka
- Swedish: baka
- Danish: bage
- Old Gutnish: baka
- Gutnish: bake
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*bak(k)an-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 49