< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/baitijaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *bītaną (“to bite”) + *-janą. The meaning to restrain most likely developed from making horses bite down on a piece of metal connected to the reins that were used to direct the animal.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɑi̯.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*baitijaną[1]
- to make bite
- to make graze
- to restrain, to rein in, to bridle
Inflection
Conjugation of *baitijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *baitijō | *baitijaų | — | *baitijai | *? |
| 2nd singular | *baitīsi | *baitijais | *baitī | *baitijasai | *baitijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *baitīþi | *baitijai | *baitijaþau | *baitijaþai | *baitijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *baitijōs | *baitijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *baitijaþiz | *baitijaiþiz | *baitijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *baitijamaz | *baitijaim | — | *baitijanþai | *baitijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *baitīþ | *baitijaiþ | *baitīþ | *baitijanþai | *baitijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *baitijanþi | *baitijain | *baitijanþau | *baitijanþai | *baitijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *baitidǭ | *baitidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *baitidēz | *baitidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *baitidē | *baitidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *baitidēdū | *baitidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *baitidēdudiz | *baitidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *baitidēdum | *baitidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *baitidēdud | *baitidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *baitidēdun | *baitidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *baitijandz | *baitidaz | |||
Descendants
- West Germanic: *baitijan
- Old English: bǣtan
- Old Saxon: *bētian
- ⇒ Old Saxon: undbētian
- Old High German: beizen
- Old Norse: beita
- Icelandic: beita
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Nynorsk: beita, beite
- Norwegian Bokmål: beite
- Danish: bede
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*baitjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 33