Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aþalą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *at-al (“family, race”), from *h₂et- (“beyond, over”) +‎ *h₂el- (“to nourish, grow”).[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑ.θɑ.lɑ̃/

Noun

*aþalą n[1][2]

nature, disposition
nobility, race

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *aþalą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*aþalą	*aþalō
vocative	*aþalą	*aþalō
accusative	*aþalą	*aþalō
genitive	aþalas, aþalis	*aþalǫ̂
dative	*aþalai	*aþalamaz
instrumental	*aþalō	*aþalamiz

Related terms

*ōþalą

Derived terms

*aþalaz
*aþulijaz

Descendants

Most of these descendants are now masculine for unknown reasons. However, Old High German and Old Norse show that it was once neuter.

Proto-West Germanic: *aþal
- Old English: æþele
- Old Frisian: *athel, *ethel
  - Saterland Frisian: Oadel
  - West Frisian: adel
- Old Saxon: *athal
  - Middle Low German: adel, adele, addel
    - Low German: Adel
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: iadel
    - → Norwegian: adel[3]
    - → Swedish: adel[3]
      - → Finnish: aateli[3]
- Old Dutch: *athal
  - Middle Dutch: adel
    - Dutch: adel
      - Afrikaans: adel
      - → Estonian: aadel[4]
      - → Javanese: adhel
      - → Papiamentu: adel
- Old High German: adal
  - Middle High German: adel
    - German: Adel
      - → Estonian: aadel
    - Yiddish: אַדל‎ (adl)
Old Norse: aðal
- Icelandic: aðal
- Faroese: aðal

References

Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Adel”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aþala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 40
van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “adel”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, OCLC 687330964, page 172
van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “adel”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, OCLC 687330964, page 172

[EWddS-1] Friedrich Kluge (1989), “Adel”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aþala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 40

[van_der_Sijs-3] van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “adel”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, OCLC 687330964, page 172

[4] van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “adel”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, OCLC 687330964, page 172