< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aukaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éwg-e-ti, from *h₂ewg- (“to increase”). Cognate with Latin augeō (“I augment”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɑu̯.kɑ.nɑ̃/
Verb
*aukaną[1]
- to increase, to grow
Inflection
Conjugation of *aukaną (strong class 7b)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *aukō | *aukaų | — | *aukai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *aukizi | *aukaiz | *auk | *aukazai | *aukaizau |
| 3rd singular | *aukidi | *aukai | *aukadau | *aukadai | *aukaidau |
| 1st dual | *aukōz | *aukaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *aukadiz | *aukaidiz | *aukadiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *aukamaz | *aukaim | — | *aukandai | *aukaindau |
| 2nd plural | *aukid | *aukaid | *aukid | *aukandai | *aukaindau |
| 3rd plural | *aukandi | *aukain | *aukandau | *aukandai | *aukaindau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *eauk | *eaukį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *eauht | *eaukīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *eauk | *eaukī | |||
| 1st dual | *eaukū | *eaukīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *eaukudiz | *eaukīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *eaukum | *eaukīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *eaukud | *eaukīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *eaukun | *eaukīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *aukandz | *aukanaz | |||
Related terms
- *auk
- *auknaną
- *aukōną
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *aukan
- Old English: ēacan
- Middle English: eken
- Scots: eik
- English: eke
- Middle English: eken
- Old Frisian: āka
- Old Saxon: ōkan
- Old Saxon: ôken
- Old Dutch: *ōkan
- Middle Dutch: ôken
- Dutch: oken
- Middle Dutch: ôken
- Old High German: ouhhan, ouchan (in derivatives)
- Old English: ēacan
- Old Norse: auka
- Icelandic: auka
- Faroese: eyka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: auka, auke
- → Norwegian Bokmål: auke
- Westrobothnian: auk
- Old Swedish: ø̄ka
- Swedish: öka
- Old Danish: økæ
- Danish: øge
- Norwegian Bokmål: øke
- → Faroese: økja
- Scanian: øga
- Danish: øge
- Old Gutnish: auka
- Gutnish: aukä
- Gothic: 𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽 (aukan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*aukan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 42