Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/attô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *átta. Cognate with Latin atta (“father”). The word was probably originally only a vocative, but was extended with a full paradigm in most descendants, including Germanic where it was reformed as a masculine n-stem.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑt.tɔːː/

Noun

*attô m[1]

father, dad
Synonym: *fadēr
forefather

Inflection

masculine an-stemDeclension of *attô (masculine an-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*attô	*attaniz
vocative	*attô	*attaniz
accusative	*attanų	*attanunz
genitive	*attiniz	*attanǫ̂
dative	*attini	*attammaz
instrumental	*attinē	*attammiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *attō
- Old English: *ætta, *atta
  - Middle English: *dadde, *dadd
    - English: dad
- Old Frisian: atta, aththa, atha, eththa
  - North Frisian: ate, aatj, taatje, tääte
  - West Frisian: heit
- Old Saxon: *atto, *etto
  - >? Middle Low German: ette (“local elder, hereditary male judge”)
- Old Dutch: *atto, *etto
  - Middle Dutch: ette
    - Dutch: ette
- Old High German: atto
  - Middle High German: atte
    - Alemannic German: Ätti, Ätte
      Italian Walser: attu, àttu, attò
      - ⇒ Alemannic German: Großätti, Großatt
    - Bavarian: Ätt
    - ⇒? Cimbrian: tatta
>? Old Norse: Atti
- Old Swedish: Atte
- Old Danish: Atti
- Westrobothnian: dadd
Gothic: 𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌰 (atta)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*attan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*attan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39