< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/atjaną
 | This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology 1
From Pre-Germanic *h₃odéyeti, causative of Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to hate”).
Verb
*atjaną[1]
- to incite
Inflection
Conjugation of *atjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *atjō | *atjaų | — | *atjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *atisi | *atjais | *ati | *atjasai | *atjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *atiþi | *atjai | *atjaþau | *atjaþai | *atjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *atjōs | *atjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *atjaþiz | *atjaiþiz | *atjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *atjamaz | *atjaim | — | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *atiþ | *atjaiþ | *atiþ | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *atjanþi | *atjain | *atjanþau | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *atidǭ | *atidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *atidēz | *atidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *atidē | *atidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *atidēdū | *atidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *atidēdudiz | *atidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *atidēdum | *atidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *atidēdud | *atidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *atidēdun | *atidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *atjandz | *atidaz | |||
Descendants
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *anattjan
- Old Dutch: anetten
- Old High German: anazzen
- → Old French: anesser
- ⇒? Proto-West Germanic: *ūtattjan
- ⇒? Old Frisian: ūtetta
- Old Norse: etja
- Icelandic: etja
Etymology 2
From *etaną + *-janą (causative suffix). Diachronically from Proto-Indo-European *h₁odéyeti; compare Sanskrit आदयति (ādáyati, “to feed”).
Verb
*atjaną[2]
- to cause/allow to eat, feed (an animal)
- to pasture; graze
- to cause to be eaten, feed (fodder)
Inflection
Conjugation of *atjaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *atjō | *atjaų | — | *atjai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *atisi | *atjais | *ati | *atjasai | *atjaisau |
| 3rd singular | *atiþi | *atjai | *atjaþau | *atjaþai | *atjaiþau |
| 1st dual | *atjōs | *atjaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *atjaþiz | *atjaiþiz | *atjaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *atjamaz | *atjaim | — | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| 2nd plural | *atiþ | *atjaiþ | *atiþ | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| 3rd plural | *atjanþi | *atjain | *atjanþau | *atjanþai | *atjainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *atidǭ | *atidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *atidēz | *atidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *atidē | *atidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *atidēdū | *atidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *atidēdudiz | *atidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *atidēdum | *atidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *atidēdud | *atidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *atidēdun | *atidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *atjandz | *atidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *attjan
- Old English: ettan
- Old Frisian: etta
- West Frisian: ettjen, eattjen
- Old Saxon: *ettian
- Middle Low German: etten
- Old Dutch: *etten
- Middle Dutch: etten
- Dutch: etten
- Middle Dutch: etten
- Old High German: azzen, etzen, ezzen
- Middle High German: atzen, etzen
- Alemannic German: etze
- Cimbrian: etzan
- German: ätzen, etzen
- → Danish: ætse
- → Finnish: etsata
- → Dutch: etsen
- → English: etch
- Middle High German: atzen, etzen
- Old Norse: etja
- Faroese: etja
- Icelandic: etja
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraatjan)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*atjan- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*atjan- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39